叙事疗法提升农村老年群体自尊水平的路径研究——于Y镇务农老人的调查分析

Paths to Improving Self-Esteem of Rural Elderly Farmers via Narrative Therapy—A Survey and Analysis Based on Elderly Farmers in Town Y

摘要: 第七次全国人口普查数据显示，我国60岁及以上人口达2.64亿(占比18.7%)，老龄化进程持续加深。务农老人长期面临收入偏低、社会评价偏低、劳动能力衰减等多重困境，低自尊问题尤为突出。本研究对X县Y镇19名务农老人进行Rosenberg自尊量表筛查与半结构化访谈，发现14人(73.68%)存在显著低自尊问题。文章系统分析务农老人低自尊的形成机制，探讨叙事疗法的干预路径。研究发现，务农老人低自尊是错误比较、非理性归因、社会支持弱化、居住环境恶化、社会评价偏见与传统文化束缚等多重因素交织的结果。叙事疗法通过故事叙说、问题外化、独特结果挖掘、生命故事重构及见证仪式等技术路径，能有效协助老人剥离消极标签、激活积极经验、重构身份认同。本文还从政府、社区、家庭三个层面提出了优化建议。

Abstract: According to the seventh national census, China’s population aged 60 and above reached 264 million (18.7%), and the aging process continues to deepen. Elderly farmers face multiple predicaments, including low income, low social evaluation, and declining labor capacity, among which low self-esteem is particularly prominent. This study conducted Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale screening and semi-structured interviews with 19 elderly farmers in Town Y, County X, and found that 14 of them (73.68%) had significant low self-esteem. This paper systematically analyzes the formation mechanism of low self-esteem among elderly farmers and explores the intervention pathways of narrative therapy. The study finds that low self-esteem among elderly farmers results from the interweaving of multiple factors, including incorrect comparison, irrational attribution, weakened social support, deteriorating living environment, biased social evaluation, and the constraints of traditional culture. Through technical pathways such as storytelling, problem externalization, identification of unique outcomes, life story reconstruction, and witnessing ceremonies, narrative therapy can effectively help the elderly shed negative labels, activate positive experiences, and reconstruct their identity. This paper also puts forward optimization suggestions from three levels: government, community, and family.