多源数据融合技术在高精度海洋地形测绘中的应用研究

A Study on the Application of Multi-Source Data Fusion Technology in High-Precision Marine Topographic Surveying

摘要: 高精度海洋地形数据是海洋资源开发和环境保护的重要基础信息。传统单一测量手段在复杂海洋环境下，往往难以兼顾覆盖范围、测深精度、探测深度与作业效率等多重需求，多源数据融合技术为这一难题提供了可行的解决思路。本文梳理了海洋地形测绘中主要采用的遥感及测量数据源，并分析了卫星雷达测高、机载激光测深、声呐测深、合成孔径雷达与光学遥感各类数据的特点与局限性；进一步阐述了加权、地统计学、多尺度与深度学习等四类关键融合方法；在此基础上，构建了一套多源数据协同处理的技术流程。研究旨在突破单一数据源的固有局限，为高精度海洋测绘工程实际工程应用提供技术参考。

Abstract: High-precision marine topographic data constitute vital foundational information for the development of marine resources and environmental protection. In complex marine environments, traditional single-source surveying methods often struggle to meet multiple requirements simultaneously, such as coverage, bathymetric accuracy, detection depth and operational efficiency; multi-source data fusion technology offers a viable solution to this challenge. This paper reviews the primary remote sensing and surveying data sources used in marine topographic mapping, and analyses the characteristics and limitations of various data types, including satellite radar altimetry, airborne laser ranging, sonar bathymetry, synthetic aperture radar and optical remote sensing. It further elaborates on four key fusion methods: weighted fusion, geostatistical fusion, multi-scale fusion and deep learning. Building on this, a technical workflow for the collaborative processing of multi-source data has been established. The research aims to overcome the inherent limitations of single data sources and provide a technical reference for practical applications in high-precision marine surveying projects.