核心素养导向下尺规作图题型的解题思维特征探析——以江苏省近五年中考数学试题为例

Analysis of the Problem-Solving Thinking Characteristics of Ruler and Gauge Drawing Question Types under the Guidance of Core Literacy—Taking the Middle School Mathematics Exam Questions in Jiangsu Province over the Past Five Years as an Example

摘要: 尺规作图题型是中考数学考查学生几何核心素养的重要载体，其解题过程要求学生拥有作图操作与数学思维深度融合的能力，为明确学生解题时的思维障碍，落实核心素养培育，开展本次研究。本研究结合江苏省近五年中考数学尺规作图真题的解题逻辑，归纳出直观分析型、分步拆解型、逆向推导型、创新设计型四种思维特征类型，以发展学生数学核心素养为导向，深度剖析不同解题思维的特征与解题难点，为学生突破尺规作图难点、教师开展素养导向的尺规作图教学设计提供思路与依据。

Abstract: Compass and straightedge construction problems serve as a crucial medium for assessing students’ core geometric competencies in junior high school mathematics exams. These problems require students to integrate drawing operations with mathematical thinking. To clarify students’ cognitive barriers during problem-solving and effectively cultivate core competencies, this study was conducted. By analyzing the problem-solving logic of compass and straightedge construction questions from Jiangsu Province’s junior high school mathematics exams over the past five years, the study identifies four types of thinking characteristics: intuitive analysis, step-by-step decomposition, reverse deduction, and innovative design. Guided by the goal of developing students’ core mathematical competencies, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the features and challenges of different problem-solving approaches. It offers insights and foundations for students to overcome difficulties in ruler-and-compass construction and for teachers to design competency-oriented instruction in this area.