青少年肥胖与焦虑关系的研究现状及影响因素：范围综述

A Scoping Review of the Relationship between Adolescent Obesity and Anxiety: Current Research Status and Influencing Factors

摘要: 目的：对青少年肥胖与焦虑关系的相关研究进行范围综述，梳理总结研究现状、影响因素、潜在机制等，为未来相关研究及干预策略制定提供参考。方法：依据范围综述方法学指导，系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、PsycINFO、CINAHL、中国知网，检索时限为2016年至2026年3月，由2名研究者独立对检索结果进行筛选、汇总和资料提取。结果：最终纳入25篇文献。多数研究发现两者呈正相关，即肥胖青少年焦虑水平普遍高于正常体重同龄人。相关影响因素包括性别、肥胖程度、身体形象/自尊水平、社会/心理支持等。现有研究提示，肥胖与焦虑之间的潜在机制可能涉及生理学机制、社会人口学机制、心理认知机制以及社会环境机制。然而，目前研究多采用横断面设计，相关机制证据及因果关系仍需进一步验证。结论：现有证据支持肥胖与焦虑之间存在一定关联，其关系受生理、心理及社会环境等多种因素共同影响。但需更多高质量纵向研究来验证因果和机制，并为早期干预提供依据。

Abstract: Objective: To conduct a scoping review of studies on the association between obesity and anxiety among adolescents, summarize the current state of research, influencing factors, and potential underlying mechanisms, and provide a reference for future in-depth research. Methods: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the methodological framework for scoping reviews. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for studies published between 2016 and March 2026. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved studies, extracted data, and synthesized the findings. Results: A total of 25 studies were included. Most studies reported a positive association between obesity and anxiety, indicating that adolescents with obesity generally experienced higher levels of anxiety than their normal-weight peers. Factors associated with this relationship included sex, degree of obesity, body image and self-esteem, as well as social and psychological support. Current evidence suggests that the potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and anxiety may involve biological mechanisms, sociodemographic mechanisms, psychological cognitive mechanisms, and social environmental mechanisms. However, most existing studies employed cross-sectional designs, and further evidence is required to clarify causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Conclusion: Current evidence supports an association between obesity and anxiety among adolescents, with this relationship influenced by multiple interacting biological, psychological, and social environmental factors. Further high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal pathways and elucidate mechanisms, thereby informing early identification and targeted interventions for anxiety among adolescents with obesity.