2015~2024年青岛市某三甲医院住院成人超重和肥胖流行趋势

Trends in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Inpatients at a Tertiary Hospital in Qingdao, 2015~2024

摘要: 目的：分析2015~2024年青岛大学附属医院住院成人超重和肥胖流行趋势，为住院人群体重管理及慢性病防控提供数据支撑。方法：选取2015年1月1日至2024年12月31日青岛大学附属医院5院区住院的成年患者作为研究总体，采用分层随机抽样方法进行抽样，统计不同年份、性别及年龄段住院成人超重率与肥胖率，采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析超重率和肥胖率变化趋势，并采用Joinpoint回归模型分析其年度变化趋势。结果：2015~2024年共纳入住院成人16978例，平均年龄(54.71 ± 15.21)岁，其中男性8368例(49.29%)，女性8610例(50.71%)；年龄以≥60岁组为主，共7024例，占41.37%。2015~2024年住院成人超重率由38.64%上升至39.50%，变化趋势无统计学意义(P = 0.095)；肥胖率由17.30%上升至19.75%，呈显著上升趋势(P < 0.05)。分性别分析显示，男性肥胖率呈上升趋势(P = 0.006)，女性肥胖率及男女超重率变化趋势均无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。分年龄段分析显示，超重率随年龄增长呈先升高后下降趋势，以45~59岁组最高；18~44岁和45~59岁组肥胖率均呈上升趋势(均P < 0.05)，其中18~44岁组在2021年出现趋势拐点，2021~2024年肥胖率上升较快(APC = 13.03%, P = 0.01)。结论：2015~2024年青岛大学附属医院住院成人肥胖率呈上升趋势，男性及中青年人群肥胖问题更为突出，应作为体重管理和慢病防控的重点人群。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among hospitalized adults at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2015 to 2024, and to provide data support for weight management and chronic disease prevention and control in the inpatient population. Methods: Adult inpatients admitted to the five campuses of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2024 were selected as the study population. Stratified random sampling was used. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among hospitalized adults was calculated by year, sex, and age group. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze trends in overweight and obesity prevalence, and Joinpoint regression models were applied to assess annual changes in these trends. Results: A total of 16,978 hospitalized adults were included from 2015 to 2024, with a mean age of (54.71 ± 15.21) years, including 8368 males (49.29%) and 8610 females (50.71%). Patients aged ≥60 years accounted for the largest proportion, with 7024 cases (41.37%). From 2015 to 2024, the prevalence of overweight increased from 38.64% to 39.50%, with no statistically significant trend (P = 0.095), whereas the prevalence of obesity increased from 17.30% to 19.75%, showing a significant upward trend (P < 0.05). Stratified by sex, the prevalence of obesity in males showed an increasing trend (P = 0.006), while no statistically significant trends were observed in obesity prevalence among females or in overweight prevalence in either males or females (all P > 0.05). Stratified by age group, the prevalence of overweight initially increased and then decreased with age, peaking in the 45~59 years group. The prevalence of obesity showed increasing trends in both the 18~44 years and 45~59 years groups (both P < 0.05). Notably, a Joinpoint inflection point was observed in the 18~44 years group in 2021, followed by a relatively rapid increase in obesity prevalence from 2021 to 2024 (APC = 13.03%, P = 0.01). Conclusions: From 2015 to 2024, the prevalence of obesity among hospitalized adults at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University showed an increasing trend. Obesity was more prominent among males and young to middle-aged adults, who should be prioritized in weight management and chronic disease prevention and control.