胆汁酸代谢在情感障碍中的研究进展

doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1693238

期刊菜单

胆汁酸代谢在情感障碍中的研究进展
Research Progress on Bile Acid Metabolism in Mood Disorders

DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1693238, PDF,
作者: 张静, 唐小伟^*：扬州大学医学院，江苏扬州
关键词: 胆汁酸；肠–脑轴；肠道菌群；抑郁症；双相情感障碍；Bile Acids； Gut-Brain Axis； Gut Microbiota； Major Depressive Disorder； Bipolar Disorder

摘要: 胆汁酸由肝脏中的胆固醇合成，经肠道微生物代谢形成次级胆汁酸，它们不仅协助消化脂肪，还通过激活法尼醇X受体和G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体等核受体和膜受体，参与调节脂质代谢、免疫反应以及肠道微生物的平衡。情感障碍，包括抑郁症(Major Depressive Disorder, MDD)和双相情感障碍(Bipolar Disorder, BD)，是全球范围内非常常见的精神疾病，其发病机制复杂，涉及遗传、神经递质失衡、炎症反应以及“肠–脑轴”功能紊乱等多方面。近年来的研究表明，“肠–脑轴”在情感障碍的病理生理中起重要作用。胆汁酸作为肠道微生物群代谢的产物，是连接肠道和大脑的重要信号。肠道菌群失衡被认为与MDD和BD的发生密切相关。本文综述了近年来胆汁酸代谢在情感障碍病理机制中的研究进展，期待为情感障碍的早期诊断和个体化治疗提供新的思路和方法。

Abstract: Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and metabolized by gut microbiota into secondary bile acids. They not only assist in fat digestion but also participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, immune responses, and the balance of gut microbiota by activating nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, such as the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor (TGR5). Mood disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD), are highly prevalent mental illnesses worldwide. Their pathogenesis is complex and involves genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, inflammatory responses, and dysfunction of the “gut-brain axis”. Recent studies have indicated that the “gut-brain axis” plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. As metabolic products of the gut microbiota, bile acids serve as crucial signals connecting the gut and the brain. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is considered to be closely related to the development of MDD and BD. This paper reviews recent research progress on the role of bile acid metabolism in the pathological mechanisms of mood disorders, aiming to provide new insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of these conditions.

文章引用：张静, 唐小伟. 胆汁酸代谢在情感障碍中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(9): 1942-1951. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1693238

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