大学生人格特质的群体差异及教育启示——基于某高校学生的16PF调查分析

Group Differences in Personality Traits among College Students and Educational Enlightenment—A 16PF-Based Investigation and Analysis of Students at a Selected University

摘要: 为探究当代大学生人格特质的基本特征及其群体差异，采用卡特尔16PF人格问卷对某高校4342名本科生和研究生进行调查，运用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析比较性别、年级、学历、心理健康状况及政治面貌等变量上的人格差异。结果发现：大学生16PF各维度得分处于中等水平；女生在乐群性、聪慧性、有恒性上显著高于男生，研究生在稳定性、自律性上优于本科生；心理问题筛查群体呈现“高忧虑–高紧张–低自律”的典型人格画像；学生干部在各积极人格维度上得分均高于非学生干部。据此建议高校建立基于人格测评的心理预警机制，实施性别差异化人格培育，并将人格教育融入学生发展与思想政治教育体系。

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the basic characteristics of personality traits among contemporary college students and their differences across various groups. The Cattell 16PF Personality Questionnaire was administered to 4,342 undergraduate and graduate students from four grades at a university in Beijing. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to examine personality differences across gender, grade, educational level, mental health status, and political affiliation. The results revealed that college students’ scores on all 16PF dimensions were at a moderate level. Female students scored significantly higher than males on dimensions such as warmth, reasoning, and rule-consciousness, while graduate students outperformed undergraduates on emotional stability and self-discipline. The psychologically screened group exhibited a typical personality profile characterized by high apprehension, high tension, and low self-discipline. Student cadres scored higher than non-cadre students on all positive personality dimensions. Based on these findings, it is recommended that universities establish a personality-assessment-based psychological early warning system, implement gender-differentiated personality cultivation programs, and integrate personality education into student development and ideological-political education systems.