Z世代“朋克养生”与体重管理的心理机制——基于结构方程模型的实证分析

The Psychological Mechanism of Generation Z’s “Punk-Style Health Maintenance” Behavior and Weight Management—An Empirical Analysis Based on Structural Equation Modeling

摘要: 在国家持续推进“体重管理年”行动的背景下，Z世代群体中“朋克养生”与科学体重管理之间的行为矛盾日益凸显。本研究整合计划行为理论、健康信念模型、认知失调理论与自我效能理论，构建“认知–心理–社会–行为”整合分析框架，采用结构方程模型对315份有效问卷数据进行实证检验。研究发现：心理动机是朋克养生行为的最强预测变量(β = 0.522, p < 0.001)，外部情境(β = 0.113, p = 0.001)与健康认知(β = −0.118, p < 0.001)亦与矛盾行为显著关联；朋克养生行为与体重管理效果呈显著负向关联(β = −0.494, p < 0.001)。中介效应分析表明，健康认知通过心理动机的部分中介作用间接关联行为(间接效应 = −0.075，95% CI [−0.125, −0.028])，外部情境通过“健康认知 → 心理因素”的链式中介路径产生间接关联(间接效应 = 0.008，95% CI [−0.000, 0.020]，假设未达统计显著)。调节效应分析发现，自我效能感既能增强体重管理行为与朋克养生行为的负向关联(交互项β = −0.243，p < 0.001)，又会意外加剧心理动机与体重管理效果的负面关联(交互项β = −0.083，p = 0.003)，揭示了自我效能感的“双刃剑”效应。研究揭示了“认知–心理–社会–行为”多层传导机制，为理解当代青年健康矛盾行为提供了系统的心理视角与实证依据。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the national “Weight Management Year” initiative, the behavioral contradiction between “punk-style health maintenance” and scientific weight management among Generation Z has become increasingly prominent. This study integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Health Belief Model, Cognitive Dissonance Theory, and Self-efficacy Theory to construct an integrated analytical framework of “cognition-psychology-society-behavior”. Using structural equation modeling, empirical tests are conducted on 315 valid questionnaire responses. The findings reveal that psychological motivation serves as the strongest predictor of “punk-style health maintenance” behavior (β = 0.522, p < 0.001), while external context (β = 0.113, p = 0.001) and health cognition (β = −0.118, p < 0.001) are also significantly associated with such behaviors. Punk-style health maintenance behaviors are significantly negatively associated with weight management outcomes (β = −0.494, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicates that health cognition is indirectly associated with behavior through the partial mediating role of psychological motivation (indirect effect = −0.075, 95% CI [−0.125, −0.028]), and external context is indirectly associated with behavior through the chain mediation path of “health cognition → psychological factors” (indirect effect = 0.008, 95% CI [−0.000, 0.020], hypothesis not statistically significant). Moderation analysis reveals that self-efficacy not only strengthens the negative association between weight management behaviors and punk-style health maintenance behaviors (interaction term β = −0.243, p < 0.001) but also unexpectedly intensifies the negative association between psychological motivation and weight management outcomes (interaction term β = −0.083, p = 0.003), revealing the “double-edged sword” effect of self-efficacy. This study clarifies the multi-layer transmission mechanism of “cognition-psychology-society-behavior”, providing a systematic psychological perspective and empirical evidence for understanding contradictory health behaviors among contemporary youth.