大学生就业焦虑问卷编制及信效度检验
Development of the College Student Employment Anxiety Questionnaire and Assessment of Its Reliability and Validity
摘要: 目的：编制大学生就业焦虑问卷并检验其信效度。方法：结合对45名受访者(样本1)的半结构化访谈、文献综述和专家评议，获得初始条目18条。初测样本(样本2)共280人，用于项目分析和探索性因素分析。正式施测样本(样本3)共522人，用于正式量表的信效度检验和测量等值性检验。结果：量表最终保留14个题项，包含认知性焦虑(9个条目)和情绪生理性焦虑(5个条目)两个维度。量表及各因子的Cronbach’s α在0.90~0.94之间，双因素模型拟合良好；量表总分与择业焦虑量表、状态焦虑量表均呈显著正相关；量表的双因素结构在不同性别和不同年级群体之间均表现出完全严格测量等值性。结论：该问卷具有良好的信效度，可用于大学生就业焦虑的测量及相关研究。
Abstract: Purpose: To develop the College Student Employment Anxiety Questionnaire and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: An initial pool of 18 items was generated through semistructured interviews with 45 college students (Sample 1), a literature review, and expert review. A pilot sample of 280 college students (Sample 2) was used to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. An independent validation sample of 522 college students (Sample 3) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the final questionnaire and examine its measurement invariance across gender and grade groups. Results: The final questionnaire consisted of 14 items across two dimensions: cognitive anxiety (9 items) and reactive anxiety (5 items). Cronbach’s α coefficients for the total questionnaire and its two subscales ranged from 0.90 to 0.94. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor model provided a good fit to the data (χ2/df = 2.97, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.06). The two-factor model demonstrated optimal model fit; the total scale score exhibited significant positive correlations with both the Vocational Selection Anxiety Scale and the State Anxiety Scale; and the two-factor structure established strict measurement invariance across gender and grade levels. Conclusion: The College Student Employment Anxiety Questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess employment anxiety among college students in both practice and research.
文章引用：王笑, 张颖佳, 叶莉华, 姚雨佳 (2026). 大学生就业焦虑问卷编制及信效度检验. 心理学进展, 16(9), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.169440

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