老龄化治理视角下“互联网 + 养老”服务模式研究

Research on the “Internet + Pension” Service Model from the Perspective of Aging Governance

摘要: 当前我国老龄化进程持续加速，高龄、失能老年群体规模持续扩张，积极应对人口老龄化已上升为国家重要发展战略，数字化发展催生的“互联网 + 养老”成为养老体系革新的重要方向，但现阶段行业发展存在城乡失衡、供需错配等现实难题。为破解数字化养老落地困境、完善老龄治理体系建设，本文从老龄化治理社会学视角出发，以社会排斥、老年主体性、社会支持网络理论为分析工具，采用文献梳理与现状剖析的研究方法，系统研判国内“互联网 + 养老”发展现状与城乡差异化发展特征。研究发现，当前“互联网 + 养老”存在老年主体性缺失、数字社会排斥凸显、多元主体协同不足、城乡养老资源配置失衡等深层次结构性矛盾。据此研究立足三项社会学建构原则，搭建起政府引领、社区承载、家庭依托、社会组织补充的协同化养老服务框架，并从主体赋能、弥合数字鸿沟、完善社会支持网络、优化政策设计四个维度提出优化路径。为我国“互联网 + 养老”规范化发展、老龄治理现代化推进和积极应对人口老龄化国家战略提供理论参考与实践思路。

Abstract: At present, China’s aging process continues to accelerate, and the scale of the elderly and disabled elderly groups continues to expand. Actively responding to the aging of the population has risen to an important national development strategy. The “Internet + pension” spawned by digital development has become an important direction for the reform of the pension system. However, at this stage, there are practical problems such as urban-rural imbalance and mismatch between supply and demand in the development of the industry. In order to solve the dilemma of digital pension landing and improve the construction of aging governance system, this paper, from the perspective of sociology of aging governance, takes social exclusion, elderly subjectivity and social support network theory as analysis tools, and adopts the research methods of literature review and current situation analysis to systematically study and judge the development status of “Internet + pension” in China and the characteristics of urban-rural differentiated development. The study found that there are deep-seated structural contradictions in the current “Internet + pension”, such as the lack of elderly subjectivity, the prominent exclusion of digital society, the lack of coordination of multiple subjects, and the imbalance of urban and rural pension resource allocation. Based on the three sociological construction principles, this study builds a collaborative pension service framework led by the government, supported by the community, supported by the family, and supplemented by social organizations, and proposes an optimization path from the four dimensions of subject empowerment, bridging the digital divide, improving social support networks, and optimizing policy design. It provides theoretical reference and practical ideas for the standardized development of “Internet plus endowment”, the modernization of aging governance and the national strategy of actively responding to population aging.