健康管理视角下的广西监测点老年慢性病患者健康行为影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Health Behaviors among Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases at Monitoring Sites in Guangxi from the Perspective of Health Management

摘要: 目的：分析广西壮族自治区(后称“广西”)某监测点老年慢性病居民5项健康促进行为(不吸烟、不饮酒、锻炼、体检、接种流感疫苗)聚集特征影响因素，为优化健康管理提供依据。方法：依托2024年5~11月广西居民健康监测入户调查，采用多阶段整群随机抽样，纳入60岁及以上慢性病患者539名，用二元Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果：健康促进行为：0~2种252例(46.75%)，3~5种287例(53.25%)。回归显示：70~<75岁、75~<80岁、离退休、自评健康 ≥ 80分者进行3~5种健康行为更多，但男性更少。结论：基层健康管理应将60~70岁男性及仍就业、承担照护责任者列为健康行为的重点人群；同时，依托老年活动中心、棋牌室等男性聚集场所开展教育、筛查和同伴支持，发挥离退休健康同伴志愿者作用，按健康行为分层干预或维持，形成“干预–随访–评价”闭环。

Abstract: Objective: Analyze the factors influencing the clustering characteristics of five health promotion behaviors (non-smoking, non drinking, exercise, physical examination, and influenza vaccination) among elderly residents with chronic diseases at a monitoring point in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as “Guangxi”), in order to provide a basis for optimizing health management. Methods: Based on the household survey of Guangxi residents’ health monitoring from May to November 2024, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to include 539 chronic disease patients aged 60 and above. The influencing factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: Health promotion behaviors: 252 cases (46.75%) of 0~2 types and 287 cases (53.25%) of 3~5 types. Regression analysis shows that individuals aged 70~<75 years old, 75~<80 years old, retired, and with a self-rated health score of ≥80 engage in more 3~5 health behaviors, but less among males. Conclusion: In primary‑level health management, men aged 60~70 years and individuals who remain employed and undertake care‑giving responsibilities shall be designated as key populations for health‑behavior interventions. Meanwhile, health education, screening and peer‑support services shall be delivered at male‑gathering venues such as senior activity centers and chess‑and‑card rooms. Retired peer health volunteers shall be mobilized to implement stratified intervention or maintenance measures according to health behaviors, forming a closed‑loop of “intervention‑follow‑up‑evaluation”.