大学生心理健康潜在类型及其与自我关怀的关系——基于心理健康双因素模型
Latent Profiles of Mental Health among College Students and Their Association with Self-Compassion—Based on the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.169444, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 王苑芮：惠州学院马克思主义学院，广东 惠州；广州大学教育学院，广东 广州
关键词: 大学生；心理健康双因素模型；自我关怀；潜在剖面分析；异质性；College Students； Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health； Self-Compassion； Latent Profile Analysis； Heterogeneity
摘要: 本研究旨在基于心理健康双因素模型，探讨大学生心理健康的潜在类型，并考察自我关怀及人口学变量与不同心理健康潜在类型之间的关联。采用问卷调查法，对5409名大学生进行调查。结果显示：(1) 潜在剖面分析发现，大学生心理健康可分为低积极–轻度症状组、高积极–低症状组和低积极–高症状组三种潜在类型，分别占33.74%、60.88%和5.38%；(2) 多元无序Logistic回归分析表明，在控制人口学变量后，自我关怀与大学生心理健康潜在类型归属显著相关。与高积极–低症状组相比，自我关怀水平越高，大学生属于低积极–轻度症状组和低积极–高症状组的可能性越低；与低积极–轻度症状组相比，自我关怀水平越高，大学生属于低积极–高症状组的可能性也越低。此外，性别和专业类型与部分心理健康潜在类型归属存在显著关联，而年级、生源地及独生子女状况与潜在类型归属的关联均未达到显著水平。研究结果表明，大学生心理健康具有明显的群体异质性，自我关怀是区分不同心理健康潜在类型的重要保护因素，高校应基于心理健康双因素模型开展分类识别与精准干预。
Abstract: Guided by the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health, this study aimed to identify latent profiles of mental health among college students and examine the associations of self-compassion and demographic characteristics with different mental health profiles. A total of 5409 college students completed a questionnaire survey. The results showed that: (1) Latent profile analysis identified three distinct mental health profiles, namely the Low Positive-Mild Symptoms group (33.74%), the High Positive-Low Symptoms group (60.88%), and the Low Positive-High Symptoms group (5.38%); (2) Multinomial logistic regression indicated that, after controlling for demographic variables, self-compassion was significantly associated with membership in different mental health profiles. Compared with the High Positive-Low Symptoms group, students with higher levels of self-compassion were less likely to belong to either the Low Positive-Mild Symptoms group or the Low Positive-High Symptoms group. Compared with the Low Positive-Mild Symptoms group, higher self-compassion was also associated with a lower likelihood of belonging to the Low Positive-High Symptoms group. In addition, gender and academic discipline were significantly associated with membership in some mental health profiles, whereas grade, place of origin, and only-child status were not. These findings suggest that college students exhibit substantial heterogeneity in mental health status and that self-compassion serves as an important protective factor distinguishing different mental health profiles. Universities should adopt profile-based identification and targeted interventions within the framework of the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health.
文章引用：王苑芮 (2026). 大学生心理健康潜在类型及其与自我关怀的关系——基于心理健康双因素模型. 心理学进展, 16(9), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.169444

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