老龄化背景下老年人力资源开发的困境与对策研究

Research on the Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Elderly Human Resources Development in the Context of Aging

摘要: 在人口老龄化程度持续加深、劳动年龄人口不断缩减的背景下，开发老年人力资源已成为我国重要的发展方向。为积极应对人口老龄化，国家相继出台多项老龄工作政策，明确提出大力开发老年人力资源，推动老年群体社会参与，老年人力资源开发上升为国家重点任务。合理挖掘与利用老年人力资源，能够有效缓解劳动力供给缺口、践行积极老龄化理念、改善老年人生活质量，同时减轻社会养老与公共服务负担。现阶段，我国老年人力资源开发工作仍面临多重阻碍，主要表现为相关法律保障体系不完善、社会存在年龄偏见与认知误区以及就业对接渠道单一。针对上述问题，本文结合国内发展实际，从健全法律制度、营造友好社会氛围、拓宽多元化就业渠道三个维度提出对应优化策略。本研究旨在推动多方主体协同发力，破除发展壁垒，充分释放老年人力资源价值，将人口老龄化挑战转化为发展动能，为推进老年友好型社会建设、实现经济社会高质量可持续发展提供理论参考与实践支撑。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and a continuous decline in the working-age population, developing elderly human resources has become a key development direction for China. To proactively address population aging, the state has issued a series of policies on aging-related work, explicitly advocating the vigorous development of elderly human resources and encouraging the social participation of the elderly. Consequently, the development of elderly human resources has been elevated to a major national development strategy. Rational exploration and utilization of elderly human resources can effectively alleviate the labor supply shortage, implement the concept of active aging, improve the quality of life for the elderly, and reduce the burdens of social elderly care and public services. At present, the development of elderly human resources in China is confronted with multiple obstacles, mainly including an inadequate legal guarantee system, prevalent age prejudice and cognitive biases in society, and insufficient employment channels. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward targeted optimization strategies from three perspectives: improving legal systems, fostering an inclusive social atmosphere, and diversifying employment channels, based on China’s practical conditions. This study aims to promote collaboration among multiple stakeholders, break down development barriers, and fully unlock the value of elderly human resources. It strives to turn the challenges of population aging into driving forces for development, and provide theoretical references and practical support for building an age-friendly society and realizing high-quality and sustainable economic and social development.