城乡融合背景下农村老年人社会福利权益的均等化困境与治理逻辑

Difficulties and Governance Logic of Equalization of Social Welfare Rights and Interests of the Rural Elderly under the Background of Urban-Rural Integration

摘要: 城乡融合发展的深入推进，正在重塑农村老年人社会福利权益的制度基础与实践形态。既有研究多从社会公平视角切入，强调城乡福利供给差异的消弭路径，然而这种取向容易将问题简化为资源分配的技术性议题，遮蔽了福利权益实现过程中更为复杂的社会机制。本文基于新制度主义社会学与生活实践理论的整合视角，提出“制度–生活–行动”三维分析框架，揭示城乡融合背景下农村老年人社会福利权益均等化困境的社会学本质：这不是简单的城乡差距问题，而是福利制度逻辑与农村老年人生活逻辑之间的结构性错位，以及由此衍生的“有制度无连接”、“有权能无能力”、“有政策无落地”三重断裂。治理的关键不在于单纯增加资源投入或调整分配系数，而在于构建能够弥合制度与生活之间缝隙的“衔接型治理”体系。本文从组织衔接、信息衔接、服务衔接与主体衔接四个维度，系统阐释了衔接型治理的实践逻辑与实现路径，为理解城乡融合进程中的福利治理转型提供了新的分析视角。

Abstract: The deepening advancement of integrated urban-rural development is reshaping the institutional foundations and practical modalities of social welfare rights and interests for rural elderly populations. Existing studies mostly adopt a social equity perspective and emphasize pathways to eliminate disparities in welfare provision between urban and rural areas. However, this approach tends to simplify the issue into a technical topic of resource allocation, obscuring the more complex social mechanisms underlying the realization of welfare rights and interests. Based on an integrated perspective of new institutionalist sociology and the theory of social practice, this paper proposes a three-dimensional analytical framework of “institution-life-action” to reveal the sociological essence of the equalization dilemma of social welfare rights and interests for rural older adults under the background of urban-rural integration. This dilemma is not simply an urban-rural gap issue, but a structural mismatch between the logic of welfare institutions and the life logic of rural older adults, which further generates three fractures: “institution without connection”, “entitlement without capability”, and “policy without implementation”. The key to governance does not lie in simply increasing resource input or adjusting distribution coefficients, but in constructing a “connective governance” system that bridges the gap between institutions and daily life. This paper systematically elaborates the practical logic and realization pathways of connective governance from four dimensions: organizational connection, information connection, service connection and subject connection, which provides a new analytical perspective for understanding welfare governance transformation in the process of urban-rural integration.