社会支持理论视角下留守儿童困境与社工服务策略探究

Exploration of the Plight of Left-Behind Children and Social Work Service Strategies from the Perspective of Social Support Theory

摘要: 留守儿童，是我国大规模人口流动背景下，因城乡户籍及劳动力市场分割等因素而催生的社会群体，其成长困境一直备受社会关注。过去一些干预实践往往更侧重物质帮扶，对孩子因为亲子分离而产生的情感需求回应得不够。本文以社会支持理论为框架，聚焦留守儿童在情感支持上的供需矛盾，并从关系建立、小组互助、社区整合三个层面提出了社会工作干预策略，旨在为构建需求导向的留守儿童关爱服务体系提供一定参考。

Abstract: Left-behind children are a special group formed under the urban-rural dual structure, and their developmental challenges have long been a focus of social concern. Past intervention practices often placed greater emphasis on material assistance, with insufficient response to the children’s emotional needs arising from parent-child separation. Using social support theory as its framework, this paper focuses on the contradiction between the supply of and demand for emotional support among left-behind children. It proposes social work intervention strategies at three levels—relationship building, group mutual aid, and community integration—aiming to provide a reference for constructing a demand-oriented care and service system for left-behind children.