留守老年人的社会支持现状以及对其心理健康的影响

The Status Quo of Social Support among Left-Behind Elderly and Its Impacts on Their Mental Health

摘要: 随着中国经济高速发展和社会快速变迁，大量结构性社会问题开始涌现。城镇化的推进导致农村青壮劳动力流失加剧，农村空心化现象愈发严重，从而出现了越来越多的留守老年人。这一群体因长期缺乏社会支持，催生了诸多的心理问题。这些问题严重影响到老年群体的生活质量和身心健康，如何从心理健康的角度去解决这一普遍的社会问题，成为当下社会关注的热点。本文致力于深入探究留守老年人的现状，从社会支持理论的角度出发，揭示其对心理健康产生的影响。并在此基础上提出针对性的改善措施，即通过加强老年群体的心理健康教育、提高医疗服务保障水平、保障老年群体的经济稳定、丰富老年群体的精神娱乐生活、加大子女的代际支持力度、减少农村青壮劳动力的流失等多方面努力，有效提升留守老年人群体的幸福感，为其营造一个心理更加健康的晚年生活。

Abstract: With the rapid development of China’s economy and rapid social changes, a large number of structural social problems have begun to emerge. The advancement of urbanization has led to an increase in the loss of rural young and strong labor, and the phenomenon of rural hollowing out has become more and more serious, resulting in more and more left-behind elderly people. Due to the long-term lack of social support, this group has spawned many psychological problems. These problems seriously affect the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly. How to solve this common social problem from the perspective of mental health has become a hot topic of social concern. This paper is devoted to exploring the current situation of the left-behind elderly and revealing its impact on mental health from the perspective of social support theory. On this basis, this paper puts forward targeted improvement measures, that is, by strengthening the mental health education of the elderly group, improving the level of medical service guarantee, ensuring the economic stability of the elderly group, enriching the spiritual and entertainment life of the elderly group, increasing the intergenerational support of children, and reducing the loss of rural young and strong labor force, the well-being of the left-behind elderly group can be effectively improved, and a more psychologically healthy old age life can be created for them.