人形机器人“拟人化”交互伦理风险及协同治理建议

Ethical Risks and Collaborative Governance Suggestions of Humanoid Robots in “Anthropomorphic” Interaction

摘要: 人形机器人技术突破与产业化进程加快，“拟人化”交互成为重要发展方向，引发深层次伦理风险。文章立足国家政策要求与产业发展实际，系统梳理人形机器人“拟人化”交互带来的人际关系异化、个体尊严受损、责任归属模糊、社会公平失衡等风险，揭示算法不透明、身份与责任界定困难、标准体系缺失、监管滞后于应用等治理难题。据此构建理念、规制、技术、社会四维协同治理体系，提出以人为本与科技向善、分级分类监管、嵌入式伦理工具、多元主体共治等建议，为划定伦理边界、平衡技术创新与人类福祉、完善政策制定和产业发展提供理论支撑。

Abstract: With rapid development and accelerated industrialization of humanoid robots, “anthropomorphic” interaction has become an important trend, which may trigger deep-seated ethical risks. Based on national policy and industrial development, this paper systematically sorts out the risks, such as interpersonal relationship alienation, individual dignity impairment, ambiguous responsibility attribution, and social equity imbalance, brought by the “anthropomorphic” interaction of humanoid robots. It reveals governance dilemmas, including opaque algorithms, difficulties in identity and responsibility definition, lack of standard systems, and regulation lagging behind application. Accordingly, a four-dimensional collaborative governance system of concept, regulation, technology and society is constructed, and suggestions such as people-oriented and technology for good, hierarchical and classified supervision, embedded ethical tools, and multi-stakeholder co-governance are proposed. This paper provides theoretical support for delineating ethical boundaries, balancing technological innovation and human well-being, and improving policy formulation and industrial development.