基于文献计量学的危重儿童营养管理的可视化分析

A Bibliometric-Based Visual Analysis of Nutritional Management in Critically Ill Children

摘要: 目的：运用CiteSpace分析国内外危重儿童营养管理研究现状、热点及演进趋势，为临床营养护理与管理实践提供参考。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方和Web of Science核心合集数据库相关文献，采用CiteSpace 6.4.R2软件对发文量、作者、机构及关键词等进行可视化分析。结果：共纳入文献1217篇，其中中文296篇、英文921篇。国内外发文量总体上升，国外研究2015年后增长明显。美国发文最多(317篇)，Harvard University为英文文献最高产机构(91篇)；北京儿童医院为中文文献最高产机构(30篇)。英文文献中Mehta发文最多(63篇)，中文文献中钱素云发文最多(19篇)。肠内营养、营养支持、肠外营养和营养不良是共同热点。国内研究侧重喂养耐受性、营养风险预测、误吸及喂养中断；国外研究逐渐转向精准营养、身体组成评估、多中心研究及临床结局。结论：危重儿童营养管理正由传统营养支持向规范化、精准化、个体化及结局导向管理转变。我国应加强多中心、跨学科合作，统一相关评估与监测标准，推动精准营养管理发展。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the current status, research hotspots, and evolving trends in nutritional management for critically ill children in China and internationally using CiteSpace, and to provide a reference for clinical nutritional nursing and management practices. Methods: Relevant publications were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. CiteSpace 6.4.R2 was used to visualize publication output, authors, institutions, and keywords. Results: A total of 1217 publications were included, comprising 296 Chinese-language and 921 English-language publications. Publication output generally increased both in China and internationally, with a marked increase in international research after 2015. The United States contributed the most publications (317). Harvard University was the most productive institution for English-language publications (91), while Beijing Children’s Hospital was the most productive institution for Chinese-language publications (30). Mehta was the most prolific author in English-language publications (63), and Qian Suyun was the most prolific author in Chinese-language publications (19). Enteral nutrition, nutritional support, parenteral nutrition, and malnutrition were common research hotspots. Research in China focused on feeding tolerance, nutritional risk prediction, aspiration, and feeding interruptions, whereas international research increasingly focused on precision nutrition, body composition assessment, multicenter studies, and clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Nutritional management for critically ill children is shifting from traditional nutritional support toward standardized, precise, individualized, and outcome-oriented management. China should strengthen multicenter and interdisciplinary collaboration, standardize relevant assessment and monitoring procedures, and promote the development of precision nutritional management.