乡土社会“结伴养老”：农村老年人互助生活实践与意义构建研究

“Companionship-Based Elderly Care” in Rural Society: A Study on the Practice and Meaning-Making of Mutual Support among Rural Elderly

摘要: 在家庭养老功能弱化与乡村社会变迁的背景下，本研究聚焦于鲁西南一个村庄内老年人自发形成的“结伴”生活实践。通过质性研究发现，这种以共餐、闲谈与劳作为核心的日常互动，不仅提供了功能性支持，而且是老年人抵御孤独、重建生活节奏与获取价值感的重要方式。研究表明，“结伴养老”实质是老年人在有限条件下主动构建意义世界、展现生命韧性的主体性实践。这一微观视角，为理解农村养老问题提供了从制度回归生活的观察路径，对构建更具人文关怀的老年支持体系具有一定的启示意义。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of weakening family-based elderly care functions and rural social transformation, this study focuses on the self-initiated “companionship” living practices among the elderly in a village in southwestern Shandong Province. Through qualitative research, it finds that daily interactions centered on shared meals, casual conversations, and collaborative labor not only provide functional support but also serve as crucial means for the elderly to combat loneliness, reconstruct life rhythms, and regain a sense of value. The study reveals that “companionship-based elderly care” is essentially a subjective practice through which the elderly actively construct meaning and demonstrate resilience within limited conditions. This micro-level perspective offers an observational approach to understanding rural elderly care issues by shifting the focus from “institutions” back to “everyday life”, providing insights for building a more humanistic elderly support system.