代际居住距离对空巢老人养老支持的影响机制及其调适路径研究

A Study on the Influence Mechanism of Intergenerational Residential Distance on Old-Age Support for Empty-Nest Elderly and Its Adjustment Paths

摘要: 随着人口老龄化和城乡劳动力流动，农村空巢老人群体呈现快速增长趋势。本文聚焦代际居住距离对农村空巢老人养老支持的影响机制，分析其在生活照料、精神慰藉和经济支持三大维度的差异化作用，并探讨相应的调适路径。研究发现：第一，代际居住距离增加显著降低了生活照料水平，但远程沟通增加一定程度上的精神慰藉——呈现“空间悖论”；第二，经济支持虽改善了物质生活，但无法完全替代面对面陪伴，照料和陪伴具有不可替代性；第三，制度性干预和社区互助服务可以部分弥补距离造成的养老支持缺口。文章提出，构建“家庭–社区–社会”三位一体的养老支持体系，并通过长期护理保险、互助性养老服务及社区服务网络，形成制度化的代际补偿机制。研究强调，政策设计应关注农村空巢老人特殊需求，实现“空巢不空心、独居不孤独”的养老目标。

Abstract: With the rapid aging of the population and the migration of labor from rural to urban areas, the rural empty-nest elderly population has been increasing significantly. This study focuses on the impact mechanism of intergenerational residential distance on the old-age support for rural empty-nest elderly, examining the differentiated effects across three dimensions: daily care, emotional comfort, and economic support, and explores corresponding adjustment pathways. The study finds that: first, increasing intergenerational residential distance significantly reduces daily care, while remote communication moderately enhances emotional comfort, showing a “spatial paradox”; second, economic support can improve material living conditions but cannot fully substitute face-to-face companionship. Care and companionship are irreplaceable; third, institutional interventions and community mutual-help services can partially compensate for the gap caused by distance. The paper proposes constructing a “family-community-society” integrated old-age support system and establishing institutional intergenerational compensation mechanisms through long-term care insurance, mutual-help services, and community-based service networks. The study emphasizes the need to address the specific needs of rural empty-nest elderly and achieve the goal of “empty-nest without emptiness, living alone without loneliness”.