农村父母手机干预方式问卷的编制与信效度检验

Development and Reliability and Validity Test of the Questionnaire on Mobile Phone Intervention Approaches for Rural Parents

摘要: 现有父母媒介干预测量工具多以城市青少年为被试开发，难以适配农村家庭父母长期务工缺位、数字素养薄弱、隔代监护普遍等独特现实约束下的特殊家庭环境，缺少针对性量化工具。本研究以已有研究提出的父母媒介干预分类框架为理论参考，开展深度本土化重构，通过对66名农村高中生与家长的半结构化质性访谈挖掘农村特有教养场景，独立提炼本土干预模式并扩充全新条目，构建适配农村高中生的父母手机干预测量工具，系统完成全套心理测量学检验。对829名农村高中生开展问卷调查，将样本随机拆分：样本1 (n = 415)用于探索性因子分析，样本2 (n = 414)用于验证性因子分析。结果表明，正式量表共24个条目，析出放任、说理引导、限制控制、共同参与、放权、条件交换、借助第三方7个因子，累计方差解释率63.52%；验证性因子分析各项拟合指标达标(χ²/df = 2.06, CFI = 0.920, TLI = 0.904, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.058)。总量表Cronbach’s α = 0.736，各维度平均方差萃取量介于0.380~0.653之间，聚合效度、区分效度均满足测量学标准。相较于原有城市版本量表，本研究基于乡村现实原创构建了放任、条件交换两大特色维度，精准捕捉务工、务农背景下农村父母特殊监管行为，量表七因子结构稳定可靠，可作为评估农村高中生父母手机干预行为的标准化工具。

Abstract: Most existing parental mediation measurement tools have been developed with urban adolescents as participants, making them ill-suited to the unique constraints of rural family contexts—characterized by prolonged parental work-related absence, limited digital literacy, and prevalent grandparent-led caregiving—and there remains a notable lack of targeted quantitative instruments. Drawing on the parental mediation typology proposed in existing research as a theoretical reference, this study conducted an in-depth localized reconstruction. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 66 rural high school students and their parents, we identified distinctive rural parenting scenarios, independently derived indigenous mediation patterns, and developed new items to construct a parental mobile phone intervention instrument tailored to rural high school students, followed by a comprehensive psychometric evaluation. A survey was administered to 829 rural high school students, and the total sample was randomly split into two subsamples: Sample 1 (n = 415) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Sample 2 (n = 414) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results indicated that the final scale comprised 24 items loading onto seven factors: Laissez-Faire, Reasoning and Guidance, Restriction and Control, Co-Participation, Empowerment, Contingent Exchange, and Third-Party Mediation, with a cumulative variance explained of 63.52%. The CFA model demonstrated good fit across all indices (χ²/df = 2.06, CFI = 0.920, TLI = 0.904, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.058). The overall scale Cronbach’s α is 0.736, and the average variance extracted (AVE) across dimensions ranged from 0.380 to 0.653, with both convergent and discriminant validity meeting psychometric standards. Compared with existing urban-based versions, this scale features two novel dimensions—Laissez-Faire and Contingent Exchange—grounded in the rural realities of labor migration and agricultural livelihoods, which precisely capture the distinctive regulatory behaviors of rural parents under these specific constraints. The seven-factor structure of the scale is stable and reliable, establishing it as a standardized instrument specifically designed to assess parental mobile phone intervention behaviors among rural high school students.