医学生主导的基层肌少症快速筛查模式构建与路径探索

Development and Pathway Exploration of a Rapid Screening Model for Sarcopenia at the Primary Care Level Led by Medical Students

摘要: 肌少症严重威胁老年人生活质量，但基层筛查长期面临设备匮乏与人力不足的双重困境。本研究基于亚洲肌少症工作组推荐的社区筛查路径，构建了一套由医学生主导的“培训–筛查–处理”三阶段快速筛查模式：培训阶段对医学生进行理论授课与操作实训，考核合格后上岗；筛查阶段由2~3名医学生组成筛查小组，在社区设立临时筛查点，10~15分钟内完成SARC-F问卷评估与握力测试，任一项阳性即判定为筛查阳性；处理阶段对阴性者给予健康教育，阳性者建立档案并转介至社区卫生服务中心。从执行主体、运行机制、服务场景、价值产出四个维度分析了该模式的独特优势，并从可复制条件、制度接口、政策支撑三方面论证了其推广价值。研究表明，该模式工具简便、路径清晰，兼具服务基层与医学教育的双重价值，具备在同类地区推广应用的理论基础与现实可行性。

Abstract: Sarcopenia significantly threatens the quality of life of older adults, yet community-level screening has long faced dual challenges of insufficient equipment and inadequate manpower. Based on the community screening pathway recommended by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, this study developed a rapid three-stage screening model led by medical students: “training-screening-intervention”. In the training phase, medical students received theoretical instruction and hands-on practice, and were deployed only after passing assessments. During the screening phase, teams of 2~3 medical students set up temporary screening sites in communities, completing SARC-F questionnaire assessments and grip strength tests within 10~15 minutes; any positive result in either test was considered a positive screen. In the intervention phase, those with negative results received health education, while positive cases were documented and referred to community health service centers. The unique advantages of this model were analyzed across four dimensions: implementing entities, operational mechanisms, service settings, and value outcomes. Its potential for broader application was further supported through analysis of replicability conditions, institutional integration, and policy support. The study demonstrates that this model is simple in tools and clear in process, offering dual benefits for both grassroots healthcare delivery and medical education, thus providing solid theoretical foundations and practical feasibility for implementation in similar regions.