女大学生经前期综合征与月经特征、BMI及抑郁焦虑压力的关联分析

Analysis of Association between Premenstrual Syndrome and Menstrual Characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Female College Students

摘要: 目的：探讨女大学生经前期综合征(PMS)与抑郁、焦虑、压力之间的关系，并分析PMS与月经特征、生活方式等因素的关联。方法：纳入301名女大学生，通过问卷调查收集月经特征、生活方式、BMI、抑郁、焦虑和压力等数据。结果：经血鲜红者出现PMS轻微症状的概率是浅红者的3.881倍(OR = 3.881, 95%CI: 1.844~8.173, P < 0.001)；经期6~7天者较2~3天者更易表现为轻微症状(OR = 2.865, P = 0.027)；含少量血块者较稀薄者轻微概率增加(OR = 2.959, P = 0.013)。抑郁评分每增加1分，轻微概率降低19% (OR = 0.811, P < 0.001)。结论：PMS的严重程度受月经特征及抑郁焦虑压力的多维影响，建议护理人员在校园健康促进工作中，将月经特征记录及抑郁焦虑压力筛查纳入女大学生常规健康评估体系，并据此开展针对性的健康教育、运动指导和心理支持，以实现PMS的早期识别和精准化护理干预。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression, anxiety, and stress among female college students, and to analyze the associations of PMS with menstrual characteristics and lifestyle factors. Methods: A total of 301 female college students were included. Data on menstrual characteristics, lifestyle, BMI, depression, anxiety, and stress were collected through questionnaires. Results: Those with bright red menstrual blood were 3.881 times more likely to experience mild PMS symptoms than those with light red blood (OR = 3.881, 95%CI: 1.844~8.173, P < 0.001). Individuals with 6~7-day cycles were more likely to have mild symptoms compared to those with 2~3-day cycles (OR = 2.865, P = 0.027). The presence of minor blood clots was associated with increased probability of mild symptoms (OR = 2.959, P = 0.013). Each 1-point increase in depression score reduced the likelihood of mild symptoms by 19% (OR = 0.811, P < 0.001). Conclusion: PMS severity is influenced by menstrual characteristics and depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that nurses incorporate menstrual characteristic recording and depression, anxiety, and stress screening into the routine health assessment system for female college students in campus health promotion, and carry out targeted health education, exercise guidance, and psychological support based on this, to achieve early identification and precision nursing intervention of PMS.