从工具性供给到共同体建构：社区养老服务的价值重构路径研究

From Tool Supply to Community Construction: A Study on the Value Reconstruction Path of Community Elder Care Services

摘要: 社区养老服务在积极应对人口老龄化国家战略中占据基础性地位。然而，当前实践中普遍存在服务供给碎片化、多元主体协同不畅、老年人主体性被弱化等问题，反映出社区养老服务在价值取向上对“共同体”理念的偏离。社会学意义上的共同体理论强调成员之间的信任、互惠与归属感，为社区养老服务的价值重构提供了理论资源。本文重新审视社区养老服务的价值定位与模式困境，提出社区养老服务应当超越工具性福利供给的逻辑，走向以交往、互惠、自治为特征的“社区养老共同体”，从主体回归、协同共治、交往互惠、精准适配等维度探索社区养老服务的价值重构路径。

Abstract: Community elderly care services occupy a fundamental position in the strategy to actively respond to population aging. However, current practices commonly face issues such as fragmented service supply, poor cooperation among multiple entities, and the weakening of elderly autonomy, reflecting a deviation in the value orientation of community elderly care services from the “community” concept. The community theory in sociology emphasizes trust, reciprocity, and a sense of belonging among members, providing theoretical resources for the value reconstruction of community elderly care services. This paper re-examines the value positioning and model dilemmas of community elderly care services, proposing that community elderly care services should transcend the logic of instrumental welfare supply and move toward a “community elderly care community” characterized by interaction, reciprocity, and autonomy. It explores the path of value reconstruction of community elderly care services from the dimensions of returning to the subject, collaborative governance, mutual interaction and reciprocity, and precise adaptation.