“数字红利”还是“数字鸿沟”？互联网使用对老年人受骗风险的双重效应研究

“Digital Dividend” or “Digital Divide”? The Dual Effects of Internet Use on Fraud Risk among Older Adults

摘要: 本研究旨在系统揭示互联网使用对老年人受骗风险的双重效应及其内在机理。通过深入剖析互联网使用所产生的保护路径与风险诱致路径，研究发现互联网作为“数字红利”的载体，通过拓展权威信息渠道与强化代际社会连接，能够为老年人构筑了抵御受骗风险的认知与情感双重防线。然而，数字鸿沟的存在，特别是操作技能的匮乏与数字化认知的局限，使老年人在算法驱动的网络环境中面临被动暴露与精准“围猎”的双重风险。操作层面的技能短板导致账户安全脆弱，而认知层面的局限则在算法推荐下被放大，形成“认知洼地”与“信息茧房”的恶性循环，显著提升了受骗风险。研究提出，确保老年群体远离受骗风险需实现“红利强化”与“鸿沟弥合”的动态平衡，建立“家庭–社区–平台”多方协同治理，构建综合防护体系，以平衡技术赋能风险防范，为老年群体提供系统性保障。

Abstract: This study aims to systematically elucidate the dual effects of internet use on older adults’ suscep- tibility to fraud and their underlying mechanisms. Through an in-depth analysis of the protective pathways and risk-inducing pathways generated by internet use, the study reveals that the internet, as a vehicle of “digital dividends”, can construct dual cognitive and emotional defenses against fraud risk for older adults by expanding authoritative information channels and strengthening intergenerational social connections. However, the existence of the digital divide—particularly the deficiency in operational skills and the limitations in digital cognition—exposes older adults to the dual risks of passive exposure and targeted “algorithmic predation” within algorithm-driven online environments. Skill deficiencies at the operational level render account security vulnerable, while cognitive limitations are amplified by algorithmic recommendations, forming a vicious cycle of “cognitive depression” and “information cocoons”, which significantly elevates fraud susceptibility. The study proposes that safeguarding older adults from fraud risk requires a dynamic balance between “dividend enhancement” and “divide bridging”, alongside the establishment of a multi-stakeholder collaborative governance framework involving families, communities, and digital platforms. Such a comprehensive protection system is essential to reconcile technological empowerment with risk prevention, thereby providing systematic safeguards for the elderly population.