老龄化背景下农村“并家婚”的双向养老机制研究——以江苏农村为例

Bilateral Eldercare Mechanisms in Rural “Bingjia Hun” against the Background of an Ageing Population—A Case Study of Rural Jiangsu

摘要: 在农村老龄化加速、独生子女家庭普遍化的双重背景下，传统嫁娶婚模式已经不能满足“两头养老”的现实需要，于是“并家婚”在江苏农村悄然兴起。本文以2025年10月至11月在江苏苏南、苏中农村进行的15份深度访谈为依据，采用质性研究的方法，对并家婚在养老实践层面的具体运作机制进行考察。研究发现，并家婚依靠就近轮住、经济对等分担、共同照料义务的确定、代际互惠的嵌套，把女儿对娘家的养老责任纳入婚姻结构的正式安排中，弥补了传统模式的制度性缺口。地理距离制约、口头约定脆弱、适用范围有限等问题使该机制难以普遍推广，但其民间实践经验仍可以为农村养老政策设计提供现实参照。

Abstract: Due to the double pressure of rural aging and the rise of one-child families, the traditional patrilocal marriage system can no longer meet the elderly care needs of parents on both sides. Therefore, a new type of marital arrangement called “bingjia hun” has gradually appeared in the countryside of Jiangsu. Based on 15 in-depth interviews conducted in Southern and Central Jiangsu from October to November 2025, this paper employs qualitative methods to explore how Bingjia Hun actually operates in eldercare. The findings suggest that this type of organisation can address the institutional problem of the traditional family system by formally stipulating that daughters take on responsibilities for their natal families after marriage, and it is realised by means of the rotation of residence for both families, equal division of living expenses, joint assumption of care responsibilities, and intergenerational reciprocity in both childcare and eldercare. However, due to geographical reasons, there are no written provisions and a relatively small range of application, so this model cannot be widely generalized. Nevertheless, the grassroots experience obtained in the process can offer valuable references for the design of rural elderly care policies.