中医药调控JAK/STAT通路治疗强直性脊柱炎的研究进展
Research Progress on the Regulation of the JAK/STAT Pathway by Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis
DOI: 10.12677/tcm.2026.159516, PDF,   
作者: 陈家豪：黑龙江省中医药科学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；安玉芳*：黑龙江省中医药科学院骨二科，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 强直性脊柱炎；中医药；JAK/STAT信号通路；中药复方；中药单体；研究进展；Ankylosing Spondylitis； Traditional Chinese Medicine； JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway； TCM Compound Prescription； TCM Monomer； Research Progress
摘要: 强直性脊柱炎(Ankylosing Spondylitis, AS)是一种以慢性炎症、病理性新骨形成为特征的自身免疫性疾病，其发病机制复杂，目前尚无根治方法。JAK/STAT信号通路在AS炎症反应、免疫失衡及异常骨化中发挥关键作用，已成为重要治疗靶点。中医药以其多成分、多靶点的特点，在调控JAK/STAT通路方面展现出一定的应用潜力。文章系统综述了近年来补肾强督、清热活血通络、祛风除湿通络等不同治法的中药复方，以及淫羊藿苷、槲皮素、山柰酚、黄芩苷、雷公藤甲素、丹参素、小檗碱、青藤碱等中药单体通过调控JAK/STAT信号通路治疗AS的研究进展。在此基础上总结了当前成果与不足，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为中医药治疗AS的机制研究和新药开发提供参考。
Abstract: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and pathological new bone formation. Its pathogenesis is complex, and there is currently no curative treatment. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory response, immune imbalance, and aberrant ossification in AS, and has emerged as an important therapeutic target. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with its multi-component and multi-target characteristics, has shown certain potential in modulating the JAK/STAT pathway. This article systematically reviews the research progress of various traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions such as tonifying the kidney and strengthening the governor vessel, clearing heat and activating blood circulation, eliminating wind and eliminating dampness, and promoting circulation, as well as the research on the use of individual Chinese medicinal substances such as icariin, quercetin, kaempferol, baicalin, triptolide, danshensu, berberine, and sinomenine to treat AS by regulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Based on this, it summarizes the current achievements and shortcomings, and proposes future research directions, with the aim of providing references for the mechanism research and new drug development of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of AS.
文章引用：陈家豪, 安玉芳. 中医药调控JAK/STAT通路治疗强直性脊柱炎的研究进展[J]. 中医学, 2026, 15(9): 324-332. https://doi.org/10.12677/tcm.2026.159516

参考文献

[1] Zhang, W., Li, M., Li, X., Wang, X., Liu, Y. and Yang, J. (2024) Global Trends and Research Status in Ankylosing Spondylitis Clinical Trials: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Last 20 Years. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, Article ID: 1328439.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328439
[2] 谢雅, 杨克虎, 吕青, 等. 强直性脊柱炎/脊柱关节炎患者实践指南[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2020, 59(7): 511-518.
[3] Voruganti, A. and Bowness, P. (2020) New Developments in Our Understanding of Ankylosing Spondylitis Pathogenesis. Immunology, 161, 94-102.
https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13242
[4] 李春艳, 许芊, 夏光涛. 强直性脊柱炎治疗研究进展[J]. 世界临床药物, 2025, 46(6): 529-533.
[5] 王振东, 杨娟娟, 李浩林, 等. 强直性脊柱炎的发病机制及中药干预研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2024, 30(22): 289-298.
[6] 王涛, 吴歆, 徐沪济. 酪氨酸激酶/信号转导因子与转录激活因子信号通路在强直性脊柱炎研究与临床应用现状[J]. 中华风湿病学杂志, 2023, 27(5): 356-360, F3.
[7] Raychaudhuri, S.P., Shah, R.J., Banerjee, S. and Raychaudhuri, S.K. (2024) JAK-STAT Signaling and beyond in the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis and Their Clinical Significance. Current Rheumatology Reports, 26, 204-213.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-024-01144-x
[8] 吴梦桐, 刘孟娇, 杨勇, 等. 中医药干预强直性脊柱炎相关信号通路研究进展[J]. 陕西中医, 2025, 46(7): 1002-1005.
[9] Zou, Y.C., Yan, L.M., Gao, Y.P., Wang, Z.Y. and Liu, G. (2020) miR-21 May Act as a Potential Mediator between Inflammation and Abnormal Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on TNF-α Concentration-Dependent Manner through the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Dose-Response, 18.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325819901239
[10] 周海东, 卢姚宏, 胡梁深, 等. 中药单体和复方干预强直性脊柱炎的相关信号通路研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2025, 36(3): 373-378.
[11] Ryguła, I., Pikiewicz, W. and Kaminiów, K. (2023) Novel Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions. Molecules, 28, Article No. 8064.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248064
[12] O’Shea, J.J., Schwartz, D.M., Villarino, A.V., Gadina, M., McInnes, I.B. and Laurence, A. (2015) The JAK-STAT Pathway: Impact on Human Disease and Therapeutic Intervention. Annual Review of Medicine, 66, 311-328.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051113-024537
[13] Ding, X., Liu, J. and Sun, Y. (2023) Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA NONHSAT227927.1 and Its Effect on the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Inflammation in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 25, Article No. 231.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11930
[14] Angelini, J., Talotta, R., Roncato, R., Fornasier, G., Barbiero, G., Dal Cin, L., et al. (2020) JAK-Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Focus on the Present and an Outlook on the Future. Biomolecules, 10, Article No. 1002.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10071002
[15] Min, H.K., Choi, J., Lee, S., Seo, H., Jung, K., Na, H.S., et al. (2019) Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 Reduces Peripheral Arthritis and Gut Inflammation and Regulates the Th17/Treg Cell Imbalance via STAT3 Signaling in a Mouse Model of Spondyloarthritis. Journal of Translational Medicine, 17, Article No. 18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-1774-x
[16] Jo, S., Won, E.J., Kim, M.J., Lee, Y.J., Jin, S.H., Park, P.R., et al. (2020) STAT3 Phosphorylation Inhibition for Treating Inflammation and New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Rheumatology, 60, 3923-3935.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa846
[17] 金笛儿, 张楠, 张英泽, 等. 补肾强督法治疗强直性脊柱炎184例多中心双盲随机对照临床研究[J]. 中医杂志, 2016, 57(23): 2011-2016.
[18] 孔维萍, 阎小萍. 补肾强督法对强直性脊柱炎患者骨密度、骨代谢影响的临床研究[J]. 新中医, 2008(10): 36-38.
[19] 周颖燕. 补肾强督法治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效及抗骨化作用初探[D]: [博士学位论文]. 广州: 广州中医药大学, 2016.
[20] Guo, L., Zhou, B., Liu, Z., Xu, Y., Lu, H., Xia, M., et al. (2016) Blockage of Glutaminolysis Enhances the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to PI3K/mTOR Inhibition Involvement of STAT3 Signaling. Tumor Biology, 37, 11007-11015.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4984-3
[21] Xie, D., Huang, L., Zhao, G., Yu, Y., Gao, J., Li, H., et al. (2017) Dissecting the Underlying Pharmaceutical Mechanism of Chinese Traditional Medicine Yun-Pi-Yi-Shen-Tong-Du-Tang Acting on Ankylosing Spondylitis through Systems Biology Approaches. Scientific Reports, 7, Article No. 13436.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13723-3
[22] 尚娟. 加味愈痛丸治疗强直性脊柱炎疗效观察及对血清JAK/STAT信号通路的影响[J]. 新中医, 2023, 55(21): 77-82.
[23] 丁香. 健脾清热通络方调控NONHSAT227927.1/JAK2/STAT3组合改善强直性脊柱炎湿热痹阻证患者感受的机制研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 合肥: 安徽中医药大学, 2023.
[24] 李伟, 李春根, 穆晓红, 等. 基于网络药理学预测独活寄生汤治疗强直性脊柱炎作用机制[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2021, 23(9): 108-114.
[25] 李心悦, 王丽敏, 张林. 独活寄生汤通过调控辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞平衡及相关细胞因子治疗强直性脊柱炎的机制与临床研究进展[J]. 中国医药, 2026, 21(3): 476-480.
[26] 徐晓涵, 刘宏潇, 屈馨宁, 等. 基于网络药理学及实验验证探讨淫羊藿苷干预强直性脊柱炎的分子机制[J]. 中国中医基础医学杂志, 2024, 30(3): 453-460.
[27] Zhang, F., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Cai, Y., Li, Z., Sun, J., et al. (2024) Metabolic Effects of Quercetin on Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Mediated through the Inhibition of JAK1/STAT3/HIF-1α Signaling. Molecular Medicine, 30, Article No. 170.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-00929-1
[28] 石金杰, 刘宏潇. 基于网络药理学探讨淫羊藿治疗强直性脊柱炎的作用机制[J]. 河北中医, 2022, 44(1): 139-143, 156.
[29] Yue, H., Jia, Y., Sun, R., Liao, H., Zuo, Y., Wang, P., et al. (2026) Kaempferol Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in H9c2 Cells through Involvement of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Molecular Biology Reports, 53, Article No. 673.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-026-11855-2
[30] 黎欢, 张光伟, 邹鑫, 等. 山奈酚调节JAK2/STAT3信号通路对分泌性中耳炎大鼠炎症反应及听力损伤的影响[J]. 中国免疫学杂志, 2025, 41(12): 2862-2866.
[31] Li, Y., Cui, H., Li, S., Li, X., Guo, H., Nandakumar, K.S., et al. (2023) Kaempferol Modulates IFN-γ Induced JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions. International Immunopharmacology, 114, Article ID: 109585.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109585
[32] Shen, X.L., Liu, X.M., Hou, X.Q., Huang, H.L. and Feng, Z.T. (2024) Research Progress on Mechanism of Baicalin Inhibiting Synovial Inflammation and Clinical Applications of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 40, 3256-3261.
[33] Huang, X., Wei, H., Huang, J., et al. (2018) The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Baicalin through Suppression of JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced Raw 264.7 Macrophages. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 37, 1504-1509.
[34] Wu, R., Wang, C., Feng, X., Lu, W., Fei, Y., Xu, L., et al. (2023) The Anti-Inflammatory and Autophagy-Induced Effects of Baicalin in Ankylosing Spondylitis Hip Ligament Fibroblasts. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, Article ID: 100780.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100780
[35] Qi, Z., Yin, F., Lu, L., Shen, L., Qi, S., Lan, L., et al. (2013) Baicalein Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation via Suppressing JAK/STATs Activation and ROS Production. Inflammation Research, 62, 845-855.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-013-0639-7
[36] Wang, T.T., Wang, S., Jia, X.H., Li, C., Ma, X., Tong, H., et al. (2024) Baicalein Alleviates Cardiomyocyte Death in EAM Mice by Inhibiting the JAK-STAT1/4 Signalling Pathway. Phytomedicine, 128, Article ID: 155558.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155558
[37] Ding, X., Liu, J., Sun, Y. and Chen, X. (2023) Triptolide Alleviates the Development of Inflammation in Ankylosing Spondylitis via the NONHSAT227927.1/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 27, Article No. 17.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12305
[38] 郑肖庆, 丁樱, 徐闪闪, 等. 雷公藤甲素的减毒增效策略研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2026, 37(11): 1496-1501.
[39] Li, J., Chen, Z., Liao, H., Zhong, Y., Hua, J., Su, M., et al. (2021) Anti-Osteogenic Effect of Danshensu in Ankylosing Spondylitis: An in Vitro Study Based on Integrated Network Pharmacology. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, Article ID: 772190.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.772190
[40] 刘跃振, 张邦能, 汪丽娟, 等. 盐酸小檗碱对强直性脊柱炎成纤维样滑膜细胞的影响[J]. 中国中医骨伤科杂志, 2024, 32(7): 1-10+17.
[41] Kim, B.H., Kim, M., Yin, C.H., Jee, J.G., Sandoval, C., Lee, H., et al. (2011) Inhibition of the Signalling Kinase JAK3 Alleviates Inflammation in Monoarthritic Rats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 164, 106-118.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01353.x
[42] Dong, B. (2018) Protective Effects of Sinomenine against Ankylosing Spondylitis and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Medical Science Monitor, 24, 3631-3636.
https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.907589
[43] Song, D., Khan, A., Dong, M.-H., Lei, C.-W., Feng, T.-T., et al. (2025) Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism Prediction of Sinomenine Based on Network Pharmacology and Its Biological Activity Verification. Biology, 14, Article No. 543.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14050543