老年群体智能养老平台使用的可及性困境与优化路径研究

A Study on Accessibility Challenges and Optimization Strategies for Smart Elderly Care Platforms

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续深化与数字适老化政策双重驱动的背景下，智能养老平台在全国范围内迅速铺开，但其建设速度与老年群体的实际使用之间出现了落差。本研究以“可及性”为分析视角，从老年群体本身出发，探究智能养老平台使用的可及性困境。研究发现，其困境主要体现为身体、认知、心理、关系、需求维度，并进一步分析发现可及性困境的持续生成根植于工具理性对养老情感性需求的遮蔽、家庭代际关系变迁引发的数字反哺衰减以及老年主体性在数字化养老中的结构性消解。基于此，本研究主张以回归老年立场为根本原则，提出回归老年身体经验的包容性设计、重建以老年为中心的助老支持网络、坚持技术嵌入养老生活的辅助性原则、保障老年人数字权利与非数字选择权的优化路径，让技术服务于老有所养。

Abstract: Driven by both the deepening aging of the population and policies promoting digital accessibility for the elderly, smart elderly care platforms have rapidly expanded nationwide. However, a gap has emerged between the pace of their development and their actual adoption by the elderly population. This study adopts “accessibility” as its analytical framework and, starting from the perspective of the elderly themselves, explores the accessibility challenges associated with the use of smart elderly care platforms. The findings reveal that these challenges manifest primarily across physical, cognitive, psychological, relational, and needs-based dimensions. Further analysis indicates that the persistent generation of these accessibility challenges is rooted in the obscuring of emotional care needs by instrumental rationality, the decline in digital support for the elderly caused by shifts in intergenerational family relationships, and the structural dissolution of older adults’ agency within digital eldercare. Based on these findings, this study advocates returning to the elderly’s perspective as a fundamental principle. It proposes an optimized pathway that includes inclusive design grounded in the physical experiences of older adults, the reconstruction of elderly-centered support networks, adherence to the principle of technology serving as an aid embedded in daily life, and the safeguarding of older adults’ digital rights and non-digital choice rights—ensuring that technology serves the goal of ensuring a dignified and secure old age.