人口老龄化背景下农村留守老人养老困境及改善路径研究

Research on Elderly Care Plights and Improvement Paths of Rural Left-Behind Elderly under Population Aging

摘要: 在人口深度老龄化与城乡劳动力持续流动的叠加态势下，我国农村留守老人群体规模持续扩大，成为乡村养老治理的重点薄弱环节。受家庭照料长期缺位、乡村公共服务供给不足、基层养老保障衔接不畅等因素影响，农村留守老人普遍面临经济供养不稳、日常照料缺失、精神慰藉匮乏等现实困境。与城市老年群体相比，农村留守老人以居家养老为主要模式，高龄、失能、独居老人缺乏稳定监护与帮扶，多子女赡养分担失衡、失能老人权益保障不足等问题尤为突出。本文立足农村留守老人现实生存状态，系统梳理其多维生活困境与深层成因，提出多方位优化路径，旨在完善乡村居家养老保障模式，推动积极老龄化落地，提升乡村民生治理效能。

Abstract: Against the back drop of deepening population aging and continuous urban-rural labormobility, the number of rural left-behind elderly keeps rising, posing a major challenge to rural elderly care governance. Plagued by insufficient family care, in adequate rural public services and disjointed elderly security systems, they face difficulties in financial support, daily care and spiritual comfort. Mostly relying on home-based elderly care, they suffer from insufficient care for the aged, disabled and solitary seniors, unbalanced family support and in adequate rights protection. This paper analyzes their living predicaments and under lying causes, and puts forward targeted solutions to improve rural home-based elderly care, facilitate active aging and optimize rural livelihood governance.