基于老年人空间行为分析的社区养老服务需求识别研究——以南京市锁三社区为例

Research on the Identification of Community Elderly Care Service Needs Based on the Spatial Behavior Analysis of the Elderly—A Case Study of Suosan Community in Nanjing

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深和居家社区养老需求增长的背景下，准确识别老年人的真实需求，是提升社区养老服务精准性和老年友好社区建设水平的关键。本文以南京市锁三社区为例，引入日常生活实践理论，采用实地观察与半结构式访谈方法，从老年人日常出行、近宅停留、熟人交往、健康活动和需求表达等空间行为入手，分析社区养老服务需求的生成机制。研究发现，老年群体的需求并不完全通过正式申请或问卷表达，而是隐含于路径选择、近宅停留、熟人交往和需求表达等日常生活实践中，主要表现为行动支持、日间陪伴、情感支持、健康照护和社会参与需求。基于此，本文提出构建空间行为观察、需求分类识别、邻里互助和反馈评估更新的空间–服务协同机制，以提升社区养老服务的可及性、精准性和回应性。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of a deepening population aging and the growing demand for home- and community-based elder care, accurately identifying the real needs of elderly people is key to improving the precision of community elder care services and the construction of elder-friendly communities. Taking Suosan Community in Nanjing as an example, this paper introduces the theory of everyday life practices and adopts field observation and semi-structured interview methods. Starting from elderly people’s spatial behaviors such as daily travel, nearby residence stay, interactions with acquaintances, health activities, and expression of needs, it analyzes the generation mechanism of community elder care service demands. The study finds that the needs of the elderly are not fully expressed through formal applications or questionnaires but are implicit in everyday life practices such as route choices, nearby residence stays, interactions with acquaintances, and expressions of needs, mainly manifesting as demands for mobility support, daytime companionship, emotional support, health care, and social participation. Based on this, the paper proposes constructing a space-service coordination mechanism through spatial behavior observation, demand classification and identification, neighborhood mutual assistance, and feedback evaluation and updating, in order to enhance the accessibility, precision, and responsiveness of community elder care services.