老龄化背景下老年群体数字融入困境与养老服务数字化转型路径

Research on the Dilemma of Elderly Groups’ Digital Integration and the Digital Transformation Path of Elderly Care Services

摘要: 深度老龄化与数字化同步推进背景下，老年数字排斥成为养老服务提质的结构性阻碍。现有研究多聚焦硬件接入，忽视老年数字使用质量与群体内部差异。依托CHARLS 2018基线数据与更新开放的CHARLS 2020全国追踪数据，采用多元计量模型剖析老年人数字融入现状与影响机制，研究发现生理老化、数字素养短板共同制约老年数字参与。代际帮扶存在两面性，子女过度代办会形成“代理悖论”，加剧技术依赖。结合最新宏观行业数据开展时序对比，弥补单一早期微观样本的时效性短板；基于实证结论，从个体、技术、社会、制度四维提出适配性优化路径，弥合多层数字鸿沟，推动养老数字化转向人本导向。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of synchronized advancements in deep aging and digitalization, digital exclusion among the elderly has emerged as a structural obstacle to improving elderly care services. Existing research predominantly focuses on hardware access while neglecting the quality of digital usage and intra-group disparities among the elderly. Leveraging baseline data from the CHARLS 2018 survey and updated nationwide tracking data from CHARLS 2020, this study employs multivariate econometric models to analyze the current state of digital integration among the elderly and its influencing mechanisms. Findings reveal that both physiological aging and digital literacy deficits jointly constrain elderly digital participation. Intergenerational assistance exhibits dual facets, where excessive proxy assistance by children can create a “proxy paradox”, exacerbating technological dependency. By incorporating the latest macro-industry data for chronological comparisons, this study addresses the timeliness limitations of single early-stage micro-samples. Based on empirical conclusions, it proposes a four-dimensional optimization pathway—individual, technological, social, and institutional—to bridge multi-level digital divides and steer elderly care digitalization toward a human-centered orientation.