积极老龄化视域下社区老年社会参与现状及提升路径

Current Situation and Promotion Path of Community-Dwelling Elderly’s Social Participation from the Perspective of Active Aging

摘要: 人口老龄化已成为我国建设社会主义现代化强国征程中需应对的重大挑战，促进老年社会参与是实现积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的核心内容。本文旨在系统分析我国城市社区老年社会参与的现状特征，揭示存在的突出问题及其内在影响机制，并提出针对性的提升路径。基于社会角色理论和积极老龄化理论，采用文献分析法和理论研究法，梳理国内外相关研究成果，对我国社区老年社会参与的发展态势进行系统分析。研究发现我国城市社区老年社会参与已呈现出从“社会边缘”到“自我主角”的转变趋势，表现为参与主体低龄化、参与内容多元化、参与形式组织化和参与场域线上线下融合等特征；但同时也存在参与被动性突出、群体差异明显、参与深度不足、支持体系不完善和数字鸿沟显著等问题；这些问题通过角色认知偏差、社会支持不足和价值实现受阻等机制影响老年社会参与的质量和效果。为提升社区老年社会参与水平，应从观念转变、体系完善、内容拓展、数字赋能和多元协同五个方面综合施策，充分发挥老年人的潜能和价值，推动我国积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的深入实施。

Abstract: Population aging has become a major challenge that China needs to address in its journey to build a modern socialist power. Promoting social participation of the elderly is the core content of realizing the active aging strategy. This paper aims to systematically analyze the current situation and characteristics of social participation of the elderly in urban communities in China, reveal the existing prominent problems and their internal influencing mechanisms, and propose targeted improvement paths. Based on social role theory and active aging theory, this paper adopts literature analysis and theoretical research methods to sort out relevant research results at home and abroad, and systematically analyze the development trend of social participation of the elderly in Chinese communities. The study found that the social participation of the elderly in urban communities in China has shown a transformation trend from “social marginalization” to “self-protagonist”, characterized by younger participants, diversified participation content, organized participation forms and integration of online and offline participation fields. However, there are also problems such as prominent passivity of participation, obvious group differences, insufficient participation depth, imperfect support system and significant digital divide. These problems affect the quality and effect of social participation of the elderly through mechanisms such as role cognition deviation, insufficient social support and hindered value realization. To improve the level of social participation of the elderly in communities, comprehensive measures should be taken from five aspects: concept transformation, system improvement, content expansion, digital empowerment and multi-party collaboration, so as to give full play to the potential and value of the elderly and promote the in-depth implementation of China’s active aging strategy.