延迟退休背景下超龄劳动者权益保障困境与破解路径

Rights Dilemmas of Over-Age Workers and Social Governance Pathways in an Aging Society

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化程度持续加深与延迟退休政策落地推进，超龄劳动者群体规模不断扩大，其权益保护已成为解决的重要社会议题。本文以超龄劳动者的权益维护为研究核心，系统梳理超龄劳动者权益维护的现实依据与理论依据，深入剖析其在就业权、核心劳动权益、社会保障及权利救济四个维度面临的突出困境，最终从优化就业环境、强化劳动权益保护、健全社会保障体系、构建多元纠纷解决机制四个方面，提出针对性的维护路径。研究表明，超龄劳动者劳动权益维护具备坚实的现实需求与理论支撑，当前其权益保障面临就业歧视突出、核心权益受损、社保衔接不畅、救济机制失灵等多重难题，需通过政策引导、制度完善、监管强化与机制创新，构建全方位的权益保护体系。

Abstract: As China’s population aging intensifies and the delayed retirement policy is implemented, the number of over-age workers continues to grow, making the protection of their rights and interests a critical social issue. This paper focuses on the safeguarding of over-age workers’ rights, systematically reviewing the practical and theoretical foundations for their protection. It delves into the prominent challenges they face across four key dimensions: employment rights, core labor rights, social security, and right remedies. Subsequently, the paper proposes targeted solutions focusing on four areas: optimizing the employment environment, strengthening the protection of labor rights, improving the social security system, and establishing a diversified dispute resolution mechanism. The study concludes that safeguarding the labor rights of over-age workers is supported by strong practical needs and theoretical supports. However, their current rights protection faces multiple difficulties, including significant employment discrimination, infringement of core rights, inadequate social security coordination, and ineffective remedy mechanisms. Therefore, it is essential to build a comprehensive rights protection system through policy guidance, institutional improvement, enhanced supervision, and mechanism innovation.