浅析原油集输系统的腐蚀结垢问题及其防腐对策

Brief Analysis of Corrosion and Scaling Problems in Crude Oil Gathering and Transportation Systems and Its Anti-Corrosion Countermeasures

摘要: 原油是全球核心能源。基于原油组分的复杂多样性(高含硫、无机盐、沥青质及蜡质)，及伴生水水质(高矿化度、高Cl、含H₂S/CO₂)等环境，在原油集输中，受温度压力波动以及防腐层缺陷等各种因素影响下，会导致集输设备发生化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀等，引起油气设备损坏失效及影响生产。本文阐述了原油集输系统中腐蚀与结垢问题的严重性及其对安全生产和经济效益的负面影响。随后系统地分析了腐蚀与结垢的形成机理，以及对集输设施产生的危害进行分析讨论，一般性阐述了原油对集输设备的产生腐蚀的因素及形成条件，进而针对性提出防腐保护措施及其推广策略，从而为原油处理系统的高效稳定运行提供有效的技术保障，对于提高原油集输系统的平稳性及安全可靠性，以及提高设备的寿命周期具有显著的经济效益。

Abstract: Crude oil is a core global energy resource. Due to the complex and diverse composition of crude oil—such as high sulfur content, inorganic salts, asphaltenes, and waxes—and the characteristics of associated water (high salinity, high chloride concentration, and presence of H₂S/CO₂), corrosion and scaling issues frequently occur during crude oil gathering and transportation. These problems are exacerbated by fluctuations in temperature and pressure, as well as defects in anti-corrosion coatings, leading to chemical and electrochemical corrosion of equipment, resulting in damage, failure, and production disruptions. This paper highlights the severity of corrosion and scaling in crude oil gathering systems and their negative impacts on operational safety and economic efficiency. It systematically analyzes the mechanisms behind corrosion and scaling formation, discusses their detrimental effects on gathering infrastructure, and generally outlines the factors and conditions contributing to corrosion in crude oil handling equipment. Based on this analysis, targeted anti-corrosion protection measures and implementation strategies are proposed to ensure efficient and stable operation of crude oil processing systems. These measures significantly enhance system stability, safety, reliability, and equipment service life, delivering substantial economic benefits.