新兴产业的安全生产风险与执法监管思路研究

Research on Safety Production Risks of Emerging Industries and Regulatory Enforcement Approaches

摘要: 随着新质生产力的快速发展，以人工智能、生物医药、集成电路等为代表的新兴产业快速发展，在产生巨大经济动能的同时，也带来了复杂的新型安全风险。传统“规则合规导向”的监管模式面临法规滞后、协同不足、执法能力不匹配等多方面问题，难以有效应对新兴产业风险的类型和特征。文章以上海市“2 + 3 + 6 + 6”现代化产业体系与相关政策法规，分析新兴产业安全风险的类型与特征，剖析当前执法监管面临的困境及其成因，在回应性监管理论和包容审慎监管理论的框架下，提出“风险导向 + 包容审慎 + 协同共治”的新兴产业执法政策优化路径，为完善新兴产业安全治理体系提供参考。

Abstract: With the rapid development of new quality productive forces, emerging industries represented by artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and integrated circuits have expanded swiftly. While unleashing enormous economic momentum, they have also given rise to complex and novel safety risks. The traditional “rule-compliance-oriented” regulatory model faces multiple challenges, including lagging legislation, insufficient coordination, and mismatched enforcement capacity, which make it difficult to effectively respond to the types and characteristics of emerging industry risks. Taking Shanghai’s “2 + 3 + 6 + 6” modern industrial system and its relevant policies and regulations, this paper analyzes the types and characteristics of safety risks in emerging industries, examines the dilemmas facing current law enforcement supervision and their causes, and proposes an optimized path for emerging industry enforcement policy characterized by “risk orientation + inclusive and prudent regulation + collaborative governance” within the framework of responsive regulation theory and inclusive and prudent regulation theory, with the aim of providing a reference for improving the safety governance system of emerging industries.