代际互助视角下老年家庭价值的重塑与社会支持体系构建

The Reshaping of Elderly Family Values and the Construction of a Social Support System from the Perspective of Intergenerational Mutual Aid

摘要: 在深度老龄化与家庭结构核心化、空巢化叠加的背景下，老年家庭正从“被赡养单元”转向“代际互助节点”。代际互助不仅承载经济支持与生活照料，也逐渐承担情感凝聚、经验传递与轻度照护协同等功能，推动老年家庭价值由“依赖–被养”向“参与–共创–责任共担”重塑。然而，当前代际互助常面临角色张力、边界模糊、风险与责任分配不清、支持网络碎片化等困境，导致其难以稳定化、常态化。基于此，本文从代际互助视角出发，先呈现代际互助的现状与类型，再剖析价值重塑中的阻滞因素，最后提出以“家庭赋能–社区枢纽–针对性政策协同–文化再生”为主线的社会支持体系构建路径，旨在把老年家庭从照护客体转化为互助主体，实现老龄社会治理中家庭韧性与代际正义的兼容。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging intertwined with the nuclearization and empty-nestification of family structures, elderly families are shifting from being mere “units of care” to becoming “nodes of intergenerational mutual aid”. Intergenerational mutual aid not only undertakes economic support and daily care but also increasingly assumes functions such as emotional cohesion, experience transmission, and mild care coordination. This process drives the reshaping of elderly family values from “dependence-being cared for” to “participation-co-creation-shared responsibility”. However, current intergenerational mutual aid often faces dilemmas such as role tension, blurred boundaries, unclear risk and responsibility allocation, fragmented support networks, preventing it from becoming stable and normalized. Based on this, adopting an intergenerational mutual aid perspective, this paper first presents the current status and typology of intergenerational mutual aid, then analyzes the obstructive factors in value reshaping, and finally proposes a path for constructing a social support system centered on “family empowerment-community hubs-institutional synergy-cultural regeneration”. The aim is to transform elderly families from care recipients into mutual aid subjects, thereby achieving compatibility between family resilience and intergenerational justice in the governance of an aging society.