老龄化背景下我国居家养老发展的现实挑战及其优化路径

Realistic Challenges and Optimization Paths for the Development of Home-Based Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

摘要: 在我国老龄化程度日益加深的背景下，居家养老服务的需求正快速释放。居家养老这一模式以家庭为核心、社区为依托，现在更强调老年人的全面发展与社会多元主体的共同参与等。然而，现实中，我国居家养老也存在不容忽视的发展困境，如社区养老服务有效供给不足、资金保障存在缺口、专业化照护人力匮乏，以及智慧养老技术停留于浅层应用，未能真正融入服务过程。为破解上述难题，亟需从精准对接养老需求、构建稳定的资金保障、打造专业化人才队伍、推动养老技术深层扎根服务四个方面来弥补居家养老服务发展的短板，以推动我国居家养老的可持续发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging in China, the demand for home-based elderly care services is being released rapidly. The home-based elderly care model, centered on the family and supported by the community, now places greater emphasis on the holistic development of older adults and the joint participation of diverse social actors. In reality, however, China’s home-based elderly care also faces development challenges that cannot be ignored, such as an insufficient effective supply of community elderly care services, gaps in funding security, a shortage of professional care personnel, and the superficial application of smart elderly care technologies that have yet to be truly integrated into the service process. To address these difficulties, it is urgent to make up for the shortcomings in the development of home-based elderly care services from four aspects: precisely matching elderly care needs, establishing stable funding guarantees, building a professional talent team, and promoting the deep integration of elderly care technologies into services, so as to advance the sustainable development of home-based elderly care in China.