唯物史观视角下电商领域数字劳动的异化机理与扬弃路径研究

Research on the Alienation Mechanism and Sublation Path of Digital Labor in the E-Commerce Field from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

摘要: 随着数字经济的蓬勃发展，电子商务领域已成为经济增长的新引擎，其内部劳动形态也在流量驱动下发生了变革。本文通过探讨电商领域数字劳动对生产力与生产关系的重塑，剖析电商领域中的数字劳动在劳动主体、劳动过程与劳动成果三个维度的异化表征，揭示流量资本逻辑、数字信誉资产垄断与算法规训权力相互交织的异化机理。研究发现，电商平台凭借对流量分配权与数据解释权的独占，实现了对商贸流通链条中“活劳动”的嵌入与价值偏移。针对这一困境，本文提出超越异化的治理路径：通过确立信誉资产共有制与算法审计机制以完善法律保障，依托跨主体协商与行业定额标准强化行业自律，并驱动人本主义算法重构与劳动者数字素养提升。最终旨在打破“流量至上”的单一逻辑，实现电商生态内技术赋能与劳动者实质解放的辩证统一。

Abstract: With the burgeoning development of the digital economy, e-commerce has emerged as a new engine for economic growth, driving a profound transformation in labor forms under the impetus of web traffic. This paper explores the reshaping of productive forces and production relations by digital labor within the e-commerce sector. It examines the manifestations of alienation across three dimensions—the labor subject, the labor process, and the fruits of labor, and unveils the underlying mechanisms driven by the interplay of traffic capital logic, the monopoly over digital reputation assets, and algorithmic disciplinary power. The study finds that e-commerce platforms, by monopolizing the power of traffic distribution and data interpretation, have achieved the subsumption of “living labor” and a deviation in value creation across the commercial circulation chain. To address this predicament, the paper proposes governance pathways to transcend alienation: establishing legal safeguards through the communal ownership of reputation assets and algorithmic auditing mechanisms; strengthening industry self-regulation via cross-stakeholder negotiation and sectoral quota standards; and driving the reconstruction of human-centric algorithms alongside the enhancement of workers’ digital literacy. Ultimately, this research aims to break the singular logic of “traffic supremacy” and realize the dialectical unity of technological empowerment and the substantive emancipation of laborers within the e-commerce ecosystem.