山阳县农村空巢老人养老服务供给中政府责任履行的对策研究

A Study on Countermeasures of Government Responsibility Implementation in the Supply of Elderly Care Services for Rural Empty-Nest Elderly in Shanyang County

摘要: 山阳县位于秦岭腹地，属于国家重点连片特困地区，乡村整体发展水平相对滞后。当地农村产业结构单一，村民收入高度依赖外出务工。截至2020年末，该县60岁以上人口占比已超过全国老龄化平均标准，未富先老的县域养老特征十分突出，农村空巢养老治理压力严峻。本文以山阳县农村空巢老人养老服务供给中的政府履职行为为研究主题，结合实地问卷调研与深度访谈资料，系统梳理当地养老服务建设现状与政府履职短板，立足区域发展实际，从拓宽农民增收渠道、细化社会保障制度、构建多元资金筹措机制、完善监督管理体系、强化政策宣传引导五个维度提出优化路径。本研究旨在进一步夯实基层政府养老服务主体责任，推动农村空巢养老问题制度化、常态化治理，补齐乡村养老民生短板，健全县域养老服务体系，助力乡村全面振兴，同时为秦巴山区同类县域的农村养老治理提供可借鉴的实践经验。

Abstract: Located in the hinterland of the Qinling Mountains, Shanyang County falls within a key national contiguous poverty-stricken region with relatively underdeveloped rural areas. The rural industrial structure here is simplistic, and villagers’ income is highly dependent on migrant work. By the end of 2020, the proportion of the population over 60 years old in the county had exceeded the national average standard of aging. The characteristics of elderly care in the county are very prominent, marked by a notable characteristic of aging before prosperity, and the governance pressure of empty-nest elderly care in rural areas is severe. Taking government performance in the provision of elderly care services for rural empty-nest seniors in Shanyang County as the research subject, this paper systematically sorts out the current progress of local elderly care services and deficiencies in government performance based on questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. Grounded in local realities, it puts forward optimization paths from five dimensions: expanding channels for farmers to increase income, refining social security systems, establishing a diversified fund-raising mechanism, improving the supervision and management system, and strengthening policy publicity and guidance. This study aims to further consolidate the primary responsibility of grassroots governments for elderly care services, advance the institutionalized and regularized governance of elderly care issues among rural empty-nest seniors, shore up weaknesses in rural elderly care livelihood security, improve the county-level elderly care service system, facilitate comprehensive rural revitalization, and provide replicable practical experience for rural elderly care governance in similar counties of the Qinling-Daba Mountains.