中医体质辨识融入校园健康管理的路径设计与实证研究

Pathway Design and Empirical Study on Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Identification into Campus Health Management

摘要: 目的：基于中医体质学说，构建科学可行、针对性强的校园健康管理路径，验证其在大学生健康促进中的实际效果，为高校实现精准化、个性化健康管理提供实践方案。方法：采用横断面调查与准实验研究相结合的方法，选取600名在校大学生为研究对象，通过《大学生轻量化中医体质测评问卷》完成体质辨识，据此构建“体质评估–资源整合–多维干预–动态监测”的闭环管理路径，对干预组实施为期1年的个性化干预，对照组采用常规健康管理模式，比较两组体质改善率、亚健康症状发生率及健康行为养成情况。结果：大学生偏颇体质检出率为72.3%，前三位依次为气虚质(24.5%)、阴虚质(19.2%)、痰湿质(11.8%)。体质分布关键特征表现为：男生气虚质(28.4%)、湿热质(12.7%)占比显著高于女生，女生阴虚质(23.1%)、气郁质(8.8%)占比显著高于男生；运动不足组气虚质比例(30.5%)显著高于运动充足组(17.2%)，平和质比例(23.8%)显著低于运动充足组(35.1%)；频繁熬夜组阴虚质(23.5%)、气郁质(8.3%)占比显著高于非频繁熬夜组(10.8%, 4.4%) (P < 0.05)。干预1年后，干预组偏颇体质改善率(48.7%)显著高于对照组(16.3%)，重度疲劳、失眠、消化不良等亚健康症状发生率较对照组降低30.5%~42.8%，运动达标率、健康饮食依从性均优于对照组(P < 0.01)。结论：中医体质辨识可为校园健康管理提供精准靶点，构建的闭环管理路径能有效改善大学生偏颇体质、减少亚健康症状，为高校健康管理模式革新提供了实证支持。

Abstract: Objective: Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine constitution, to construct a scientifically feasible and targeted campus health management path, verify its practical effect in promoting the health of college students, and provide practical solutions for universities to achieve precise and personalized health management. Method: A combination of cross-sectional survey and quasi-experimental research was used to select 600 college students as research subjects. Physical identification was completed through the “College Student Lightweight Traditional Chinese Medicine Physical Fitness Assessment Questionnaire”, and a closed-loop management path of “physical fitness assessment, resource integration, multidimensional intervention, dynamic monitoring” was constructed based on this. Personalized intervention was implemented for the intervention group for one year, and the control group was treated with conventional health management mode. The improvement rate of physical fitness, incidence of sub-health symptoms, and development of health behaviors were compared between the two groups. Result: The detection rate of biased constitution among college students is 72.3%, with the top three being Qi deficiency (24.5%), Yin deficiency (19.2%), and Phlegm dampness (11.8%). The key characteristics of physical distribution are as follows: the proportion of male Qi deficiency (28.4%) and damp heat (12.7%) is significantly higher than that of female, and the proportion of female Yin deficiency (23.1%) and Qi depression (8.8%) is significantly higher than that of male; the proportion of Qi deficiency in the group with insufficient exercise (30.5%) was significantly higher than that in the group with sufficient exercise (17.2%), and the proportion of calm quality (23.8%) was significantly lower than that in the group with sufficient exercise (35.1%); The proportion of Yin deficiency (23.5%) and Qi stagnation (8.3%) in the frequent staying up group was significantly higher than that in the non-frequent staying up group (10.8%, 4.4%) (P < 0.05). After one year of intervention, the improvement rate of biased constitution in the intervention group (48.7%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (16.3%). The incidence of sub-health symptoms such as severe fatigue, insomnia, and indigestion was reduced by 30.5% to 42.8% compared to the control group. The compliance rate of exercise and healthy diet was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution identification can provide precise targets for campus health management, and the closed-loop management path constructed can effectively improve the biased constitution of college students, reduce sub-health symptoms, and provide empirical support for the reform of university health management models.