从“择业”到“择稳”：当代青年职业选择“体制化”倾向研究——基于20名青年的质性访谈

From “Choosing a Career” to “Choosing Stability”: Study on the “Institutionalization” Tendency in Contemporary Youth’s Career Choices—Based on Qualitative Interviews with 20 Young Participants

摘要: 文章聚焦当代青年职业选择“体制化”倾向现象，通过半结构式访谈法对22~35岁本科及以上学历的20位有考公意向的青年(含应届生、多年考公者及职场后转考公群体)展开研究。研究揭示，青年“择稳”呈现三类形态：主动选择、被动裹挟、风险规避。其成因包括编制滤镜效应、“求稳”与“官本位”等文化观念传承、就业市场困境及风险社会下的避险心理。据此提出对策：青年应树立自主职业理想，政府需强化劳动权益保障、缩小体制内外福利差距并扶持中小企业。本研究为理解青年择业心态、破解职业选择“单一化”难题、推动就业市场与社会稳定发展提供重要参考。

Abstract: This study focuses on the phenomenon of the “institutionalization” tendency in contemporary youth’s career choices. Employing semi-structured interview methods, it conducts research on 20 young people (aged 22~35, with a bachelor’s degree or above) who are taking the civil service exam (including fresh graduates, long-term exam takers, and young professionals who switch to the civil service exam after working in the workplace). The research reveals that youth’s “choice of stability” presents three forms: active choice, passive coercion, and risk avoidance. The underlying causes include the filter effect of civil service establishment, the inheritance of cultural concepts such as “pursuing stability” and “official-centered mindset”, the predicament of the job market, and the risk-aversion psychology in a risk society. Based on this, countermeasures are proposed: young people should establish independent career ideals; the government needs to strengthen the protection of labor rights and interests, narrow the welfare gap between the public and private sectors, and support small and medium-sized enterprises. This study provides important references for understanding young people’s career choice mentality, solving the problem of “monotonization” in career choices, and promoting the stable development of the job market and society.