产教融合背景下科技型中小企业校企合作的问题解析与对策研究

A Review of the Analysis and Countermeasures of Issues in University-Enterprise Cooperation of Technology-Based SMEs under the Background of Industry-Education Integration

摘要: 科技型中小企业受研发资金、试验设备和复合型人才等资源约束，校企合作虽可补充创新与育人资源，但仍存在企业投入不足、供需任务错配及合作停留在协议层面等问题。本文采用规范性文献综述与公开资料案例分析，在SWOT分析、双边匹配、协同治理和有效沟通视角下，构建“问题识别–机理解释–工具化对策”的分析路径。研究认为，目标协同性、组织相容性与资源能力互补性不足会降低伙伴匹配质量；缺少阶段验收、知识产权与收益规则以及稳定沟通机制，会削弱合作持续性。为此，本文提出需求登记与双边初配、8~12周小规模试点、阶段门评审、贡献度收益分配及16周项目化教学模块，为科技型中小企业降低合作协调成本和提高成果转化效率提供参考。

Abstract: Technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face constraints in R&D funding, testing facilities, and multidisciplinary talent. University-enterprise cooperation can supplement innovation and training resources, but weak enterprise input, mismatched tasks, and cooperation that remains at the agreement stage persist. This study combines a normative literature review with public-source case analysis. Drawing on SWOT analysis, two-sided matching, collaborative governance, and effective communication, it develops an analytical chain of problem identification, mechanism explanation, and operational countermeasures. The findings suggest that insufficient goal alignment, organizational compatibility, and resource-capability complementarity reduce matching quality, while the absence of staged acceptance, intellectual-property and benefit-sharing rules, and stable communication weakens continuity. The paper therefore proposes demand registration and bilateral pre-matching, an 8~12-week pilot, stage-gate review, contribution-based benefit sharing, and a 16-week project-based teaching module. These measures provide actionable references for reducing coordination costs and improving technology transfer in technology-based SMEs.