明清木雕件刀痕特征与自然风化痕迹的对比鉴别体系

A Comparative Identification System for Tool-Mark Features and Natural Weathering Traces of Wood Carvings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要: 明清木雕的痕迹特征是判定其制作工艺、年代与真伪的核心参考要素，也是古木质文物鉴别领域的重点研究方向。本文首先梳理原生人工刀痕的基础属性与自然风化痕迹的形成规律，明确两类痕迹的核心基础特征，再从形态、分布、伴生属性三个维度构建两类痕迹的差异化鉴别维度，最后明确采样操作规范、多维度比对校验流程与权重化鉴别结果判定标准。相关研究内容可形成标准化的明清木雕痕迹鉴别操作路径，降低鉴别工作的误差率，也可为同类古木质文物的痕迹鉴别提供参考思路。

Abstract: Trace features of Ming-Qing wood carvings serve as core references for judging manufacturing techniques, age and authenticity, and represent a key research topic in the identification of ancient wooden cultural relics. This paper first sorts out the fundamental properties of original man-made tool marks and the formation rules of natural weathering traces, and defines their core basic characteristics. Differentiated identification dimensions for the two types of traces are then constructed from three perspectives: morphology, distribution and associated attributes. Finally, specifications for sampling operations, multi-dimensional comparison and verification procedures, as well as weighted criteria for identification result judgment are established. The research outcomes can formulate a standardized operational workflow for trace identification of Ming-Qing wood carvings, reduce errors in identification practice, and offer references for trace identification of similar ancient wooden cultural relics.