汉语“有X”结构的历时基础与当代构式创新

The Diachronic Foundations of the Chinese “Yǒu X” Construction and Contemporary Constructional Innovation

摘要: “有”以存在义和领有义为基础，形成了“有 + 名词”“有 + 谓词性成分”等多种搭配，并且在双音节化过程中产生“有力、有谱”等词汇单位。现代汉语中出现的“有 + VP/有没有 + VP”“有一点X在身上”和“有被X到”，进一步扩展了“有”的组合范围。本文通过比较这三类构式，认为古代“有X”结构为现代用法提供了语义资源，但三类构式并非同一语法化链条上的延续。

Abstract: Semantically grounded in existence and possession, “Yǒu” has developed a variety of combinatory patterns, including “Yǒu + noun” and “Yǒu + predicative constituent”. The process of disyllabification has also given rise to lexical units such as “Yǒulì” (powerful/effective), and “Yǒupǔ” (assured/reliable). Emerging constructions in Modern Chinese—including Yǒu + VP/Yǒu méiyǒu + VP, “Yǒu yìdiǎn X zài shēnshang” (having a touch of X about oneself), and “Yǒu bèi X dào” (having indeed been affected by X)—have further expanded the combinatorial range of Yǒu. Through a comparison of these three types of construction, this study argues that historical “Yǒu X” patterns provide semantic resources for their modern counterparts, but that the three constructions are not successive stages along a single grammaticalization cline.