南疆少数民族教师普通话单字调声调格局的声学实验研究——以和田地区中小学教师为例

An Acoustic Experimental Study on the Tonal Pattern of Mandarin Monosyllabic Tones Produced by Ethnic Minority Teachers in Southern Xinjiang—A Case Study of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Hetian Prefecture

摘要: 通过对南疆地区30名少数民族中小学教师普通话声调的声学实验分析，系统考察了其声调习得中的调型、调值、调域及调长特征，并在此基础上探讨了其对国家通用语言文字推广的启示与策略。研究发现，南疆教师普通话声调整体上呈现“调域偏窄、调值偏低”的特点，阴平、去声习得相对较好，而阳平与上声则存在调型混淆、调值不足等偏误。进一步指出，应构建“精准纠音”培训模式、推广可视化语音教学、加强师资队伍建设并营造多层次语言学习环境，以系统性提升教师的普通话语音能力，从而推动国家通用语言文字在南疆地区的深入普及与教学质量的整体提升。

Abstract: Through an acoustic experimental analysis of the Mandarin tones produced by 30 ethnic minority primary and secondary school teachers in southern Xinjiang, this study systematically investigates the characteristics of tone pattern, tone value, tonal range, and tone duration in their tonal acquisition. On this basis, it further explores the implications and strategies for the promotion of the National Common Language. The findings reveal that the Mandarin tones of teachers in southern Xinjiang generally exhibit features of a “narrow tonal range and low tone values.” The acquisition of Yinping (high-level tone) and Qusheng (falling tone) is relatively good, whereas Yangping (rising tone) and Shangsheng (dipping tone) display errors such as tone pattern confusion and insufficient tone values, which are closely related to the negative transfer from their mother tongue, Uyghur, a non-tonal language. It is further pointed out that the scarcity of tone teaching resources, the generalized training models, and the weakness of the teaching force have become key factors restricting the high-quality promotion of the National Common Language in southern Xinjiang. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a “precision error correction” training model, promote visualized phonetics instruction, strengthen the construction of the teaching force, and create a multi-level language learning environment, so as to systematically enhance teachers’ Mandarin phonetic competence, thereby promoting the in-depth popularization of the National Common Language in southern Xinjiang and the overall improvement of teaching quality.