农业转移人口老龄化与城乡养老资源的结构性错配

Aging of the Agricultural Migrant Population and Structural Mismatch in Urban-Rural Pension Resources

摘要: 随着新型城镇化深度推进，农业转移人口老龄化趋势日益显著，叠加城乡二元结构固化，城乡养老资源呈现“需求倒挂、供给失衡、配置错位”的结构性错配特征。本文基于国家统计局等权威数据，剖析农业转移人口老龄化的现状与特征，从资源供需、制度设计、空间布局三维度揭示城乡养老资源结构性错配的表现及成因，最后提出优化资源配置、弥合城乡养老差距的路径建议，为积极应对人口老龄化、推进城乡养老服务均等化提供理论参考。

Abstract: As new urbanization advances, the aging trend among rural migrants has become increasingly evident. Coupled with the entrenched dual structure between urban and rural areas, elderly care resources in these regions exhibit structural mismatches characterized by “inverted demand, imbalanced supply, and misaligned allocation”. Based on authoritative data from sources such as the National Bureau of Statistics, this paper analyzes the current status and characteristics of aging among rural migrants. It reveals the manifestations and causes of structural imbalances in urban-rural elderly care resources from three dimensions—resource supply and demand, institutional design, and spatial distribution—and finally proposes policy recommendations for optimizing resource allocation and narrowing the gap in elderly care services between urban and rural areas, providing theoretical support for actively addressing population aging and promoting equitable access to elderly care services.