数字鸿沟视角下老年人隐私泄露的机制与治理研究

Mechanisms and Governance of Elderly Privacy Leakage from the Perspective of Digital Divide

摘要: 随着人口老龄化与数字化两大进程的深度交汇，老年人成为隐私泄露与精准诈骗的高发群体。本文从数字鸿沟理论视角出发，以农民日报、CCTV今日说法、潇湘晨报等媒体报道的四起典型案例为分析对象，采用案例分析法，系统考察了老年人隐私泄露的核心机制、叠加效应与治理路径。研究发现，老年人隐私泄露存在三种核心机制：信息套取机制，即不法分子利用老年人的接入鸿沟与知识鸿沟，在老人不知情的情况下完成信息攫取；信任操纵机制，即不法分子利用“数字移民”保留的前数字时代信任模式，诱导老人主动交付个人信息；技术放大机制，即AI外呼等新技术将单次信息泄露转化为大规模、持续性的侵害。进一步分析表明，使用鸿沟与认知局限的叠加、认知局限与技术迭代的叠加、认知局限的独立作用形成了不同层级的脆弱性梯度，叠加层次越多，脆弱性越强。本文据此提出针对使用鸿沟、认知局限与技术迭代的三维治理路径。研究认为，老年人隐私泄露的根源不在于个体的“认知缺陷”或“轻信”，而在于技术设计、社会支持、法律保护等多系统的共同失灵。

Abstract: As the two major processes of population aging and digitalization deeply intersect, the elderly have become a high-risk group for privacy leakage and targeted fraud. From the perspective of digital divide theory, this paper takes four typical cases reported by media outlets such as Farmers’ Daily, CCTV Today’s Legal Report, and Xiaoxiang Morning News as analytical objects, employs case analysis method, and systematically examines the core mechanisms, additive effects, and governance pathways of elderly privacy leakage. The study finds that there are three core mechanisms of elderly privacy leakage: the information extraction mechanism, in which criminals exploit the elderly’s access divide and knowledge divide to obtain information without their knowledge; the trust manipulation mechanism, in which criminals exploit the pre-digital trust patterns retained by “digital immigrants” to induce the elderly to voluntarily disclose personal information; and the technology amplification mechanism, in which new technologies such as AI outbound calling transform single incidents of information leakage into large-scale, continuous harm. Further analysis reveals that the superposition of usage divide and cognitive limitations, the superposition of cognitive limitations and technological iteration, and the independent effect of cognitive limitations form different levels of vulnerability gradient: the more layers of superposition, the stronger the vulnerability. Accordingly, this paper proposes a three-dimensional governance pathway targeting the usage divide, cognitive limitations, and technological iteration. The study argues that the root cause of elderly privacy leakage lies not in individual “ignorance” or “gullibility”, but in the simultaneous failures of multiple systems, including technological design, social support, and legal protection.