马克思主义人学视域下数字适老化困境与路径研究

Dilemmas and Pathways of Digital Age-Friendliness from the Perspective of Marxist Humanism

摘要: 当数字技术深度嵌入日常生活，老年群体遭遇的困境已从单纯的技术操作难题演变为一种社会性的边缘化与生存体验上的疏离。本研究立足马克思主义人学视域，将老年人作为现实的人，审视当前数字适老化进程中的深层矛盾。研究发现技术本应作为人的本质力量外化与延伸，服务于老年人的自由全面发展，却在资本逐利和效率至上的驱动下，使部分老年人陷入数字围城，具体表现为主体感减弱、社会交往孤岛化、生活空间被虚拟世界挤压等异化状态。其根源并非仅仅是代际数字差异，更是社会资源分配失衡与老龄歧视的数字呈现。为此，数字适老化需要超越简单的技术补课，转向构建真正的数字包容社会。具体路径包括：从资本逻辑回归人本逻辑，让技术服务于人的全面发展；建立家庭、社区与政府协同的代际互助机制；更重要的是，尊重老年人拒绝数字的权利与融入数字的自由。最终，数字适老化不应是技术对老年生活的被动适应，而是基于人的本质全面回归的主动共建，是马克思主义人学在数字时代关于“老有所为、老有所乐”的实践展开。

Abstract: As digital technology becomes deeply embedded in everyday life, the difficulties encountered by the elderly have evolved from mere operational challenges into a form of social marginalization and existential alienation. Grounded in the perspective of Marxist humanism, this study regards the elderly as real individuals and examines the underlying contradictions in the current process of digital age-friendliness. The research finds that technology, which ought to serve the free and comprehensive development of the elderly as an externalization and extension of human essential powers, has instead, driven by capital accumulation and the primacy of efficiency, trapped a significant portion of the elderly within a digital enclosure. This predicament manifests in states of alienation such as a diminished sense of subjectivity, the isolation of social interactions into silos, and the encroachment of physical living space by the virtual world. Its root cause lies not merely in intergenerational digital disparities, but more profoundly in the imbalance of social resource distribution and the digital manifestation of ageism. To address this, digital age-friendliness must transcend simplistic technological remediation and turn towards the construction of a genuinely inclusive digital society. The specific pathways include: shifting from the logic of capital to a human-centered logic, so that technology serves the comprehensive development of human beings; establishing a mechanism of intergenerational mutual assistance coordinated among families, communities, and the government; and, most importantly, respecting the elderly’s right to refuse digitalization alongside their freedom to integrate into it. Ultimately, digital age-friendliness should not be a passive adaptation of technology to the lives of the elderly, but a proactive co-construction based on the comprehensive restoration of human essence. It represents the practical unfolding of Marxist humanism in the digital age concerning the vision of “productive engagement and joyful living in old age”.