光响应与超分子调控的智能生物材料：动态水凝胶、活性界面与人工离子通道在抗感染、抗癌和组织再生中的应用

doi:10.12677/hjbm.2026.165092

期刊菜单

光响应与超分子调控的智能生物材料：动态水凝胶、活性界面与人工离子通道在抗感染、抗癌和组织再生中的应用
Photoresponsive and Supramolecularly Regulated Intelligent Biomaterials: Dynamic Hydrogels, Bioactive Interfaces, and Artificial Ion Channels for Anti-Infective, Anticancer, and Tissue-Regenerative Applications

DOI: 10.12677/hjbm.2026.165092, PDF,
作者: 王梓涵：浙江理工大学化学与化工学院，浙江杭州；赵昱博：沈阳急救中心，辽宁沈阳
关键词: 智能生物材料；光响应材料；超分子组装；动态水凝胶；活性界面；人工离子通道；抗感染与组织再生；Intelligent Biomaterials； Photoresponsive Materials； Supramolecular Assembly； Dynamic Hydrogels； Bioactive Interfaces； Artificial Ion Channels； Anti-Infection and Tissue Regeneration

摘要: 感染、组织损伤和肿瘤治疗过程中，生物材料需要在复杂动态微环境中实现精准调控，而传统静态材料难以兼顾时空响应、治疗效能和生物安全。本综述围绕光化学与超分子化学协同调控的智能生物材料展开，讨论动态水凝胶、活性生物界面及人工离子通道三类平台的设计原则。其核心科学问题在于如何将外部光刺激或病理微环境信号转化为分子反应、构象变化或超分子组装改变，并进一步调节网络结构、界面行为和跨膜运输，实现药物释放、抗感染、抗癌及组织再生功能。本文比较不同光响应过程、动态组装模式和离子运输机制，强调机制证据、时空控制和安全评价之间的关联。同时指出深层激活、长期稳定性、选择性、标准化评价及临床转化仍是关键挑战。未来智能材料的发展需要从单一功能优化转向具有可验证机制、可制造性和真实生物环境适应性的动态调控体系。

Abstract: During infection, tissue injury, and cancer therapy, biomaterials are required to achieve precise regulation within complex and dynamic biological microenvironments. However, conventional static materials often fail to simultaneously satisfy the demands for spatiotemporal responsiveness, therapeutic efficacy, and biosafety. This review highlights the development of intelligent biomaterials that integrate photochemical and supramolecular chemical regulation, with a focus on three representative platforms: dynamic hydrogels, active biointerfaces, and artificial ion channels. The central scientific challenge lies in converting external light stimuli or pathological microenvironmental cues into molecular reactions, conformational transitions, or alterations in supramolecular assembly, thereby enabling the regulation of network architectures, interfacial behaviors, and transmembrane transport processes for applications in drug delivery, antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, and tissue regeneration. We compare diverse photoresponsive mechanisms, dynamic assembly strategies, and ion transport pathways, emphasizing the interconnections among mechanistic validation, spatiotemporal control, and biosafety assessment. Furthermore, key challenges are discussed, including deep-tissue activation, long-term stability, selectivity, standardized evaluation protocols, and clinical translation. Future advances in intelligent biomaterials will require a paradigm shift from optimizing isolated functions toward the development of dynamically regulated systems with experimentally validated mechanisms, scalable manufacturability, and adaptability to authentic biological environments.

文章引用：王梓涵, 赵昱博. 光响应与超分子调控的智能生物材料：动态水凝胶、活性界面与人工离子通道在抗感染、抗癌和组织再生中的应用[J]. 生物医学, 2026, 16(5): 898-913. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjbm.2026.165092

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