全身麻醉患者年龄与诱导期血管活性药物使用率的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Age and Use Rate of Vasoactive Drugs during Induction Period in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia

摘要: 目的：探讨全身麻醉患者年龄与麻醉诱导期血管活性药物使用率的相关性，为手术室护理人员识别高危患者、做好诱导期循环管理的护理配合提供依据。方法：回顾性分析2023年1月~2026年7月在珠海市中西医结合医院手术室行全身麻醉的83例患者的临床资料，按年龄分为18~39岁组(19例)、40~59岁组(41例)、60~74岁组(19例)和≥75岁组(4例)，比较各年龄组诱导期低血压发生率及血管活性药物使用率，分析年龄与血管活性药物使用率的相关性。结果：83例患者诱导期血管活性药物总使用率为8.4% (7/83)，18~39岁组、40~59岁组、60~74岁组、≥75岁组使用率分别为10.5%、2.4%、10.5%、50.0%，组间比较差异有统计学意义(P = 0.017)；≥75岁组使用率高于 < 75岁患者(50.0%比6.3%，P = 0.034)。Spearman相关分析显示，年龄与血管活性药物使用的相关性无统计学意义(rs = 0.151, P = 0.172)；Logistic回归分析显示，年龄与诱导期血管活性药物使用风险的关联无统计学意义(OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.99~1.12, P = 0.122)。7例用药患者中，使用麻黄碱5例(71.4%)、去氧肾上腺素2例(28.6%)，首次给药时间中位数为10 min。结论：高龄(≥75岁)全身麻醉患者诱导期血管活性药物使用率高于 < 75岁患者，但年龄与血管活性药物使用率的相关性及变化趋势均未达统计学意义，该结论尚需大样本研究进一步验证。手术室护理人员应将高龄患者列为诱导期循环管理的重点关注对象，提前做好血管活性药物的准备与输注护理配合，以保障诱导期循环稳定。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between the age of patients under general anesthesia and the use rate of vasoactive drugs during anesthesia induction, and to provide the basis for operating room nurses to identify high-risk patients and do well in the nursing cooperation of circulation management during anesthesia induction. Methods: the clinical data of 83 patients undergoing general anesthesia in the operating room of Zhuhai integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine hospital from January 2023 to July 2026 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into 18~39 years old group (19 cases), 40~59 years old group (41 cases), 60~74 years old group (19 cases) and ≥75 years old group (4 cases) according to their age. The incidence of hypotension and the use rate of vasoactive drugs during the induction period in each age group were compared, and the correlation between age and the use rate of vasoactive drugs was analyzed. Results: the total use rate of vasoactive drugs in 83 patients during induction period was 8.4% (7/83), and the use rates of 18~39 years old group, 40~59 years old group, 60~74 years old group and ≥75 years old group were 10.5%, 2.4%, 10.5% and 50.0%, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.017); The use rate of ≥75 years old group was higher than that of <75 years old group (50.0% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.034). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between age and the use of vasoactive drugs (rs = 0.151, P = 0.172); Logistic regression analysis showed that age was not significantly associated with the risk of using vasoactive drugs during induction (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.99~1.12, P = 0.122). Among the 7 patients treated with ephedrine, 5 cases (71.4%) and 2 cases (28.6%) were treated with phenylephrine. The median time of first administration was 10 minutes. Conclusion: the use rate of vasoactive drugs in elderly patients (≥75 years old) during the induction period of general anesthesia is higher than that in patients < 75 years old, but the correlation and change trend between age and the use rate of vasoactive drugs are not statistically significant, which needs to be further verified by large sample study. The nursing staff in the operating room should list the elderly patients as the key objects of circulation management in the induction period, and make preparations for vasoactive drugs and nursing cooperation in advance to ensure the stability of circulation in the induction period.